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TRY to USD Live Rate

Last updated May, 28 19:46 (GMT -4:00)

1 TRY = 0.05 USD

Prev. Close: 0.0501 Day's Range: 0.0495 - 0.0501

₺

TRY

USD

TRY Popular Exchange Rates(today)

Exchange	Rate	Last day
TRY to GBP rate	0.04056 ▲	0.0405
TRY to EUR rate	0.0467 ▲	0.0466
TRY to AUD rate	0.07673 ▼	0.0766
TRY to CAD rate	0.06815 ▼	0.0681
TRY to USD rate	0.05007	0.05
TRY to NZD rate	0.08276 ▼	0.0826
TRY to DKK rate	0.34787 ▲	0.3474
TRY to AED rate	0.18377 ▼	0.1835
TRY to NOK rate	0.55495 ▼	0.554
TRY to SEK rate	0.54092 ▼	0.5394
TRY to CHF rate	0.04535 ▼	0.0452
TRY to JPY rate	7.05226 ▲	7.022
TRY to HKD rate	0.39223 ▲	0.3909
TRY to MXN rate	0.88246 ▼	0.8817
TRY to SGD rate	0.06775 ▲	0.0676
TRY to ZAR rate	0.98396 ▼	0.9816

Economic indicators of Turkey and United States

Indicator	Turkey	United States
Private Consumption	-	18,095,310 Mil. USD, SAAR, Quarterly; 2023 Q1
Real Private Consumption	-	14,344,454 Mil. Ch. 2012 USD, SAAR, Quarterly; 2023 Q1
Real GDP	-	20,235,878 Mil. Ch. 2012 USD, SAAR, Quarterly; 2023 Q1
Nominal GDP	-	26,465,865 Mil. USD, SAAR, Quarterly; 2023 Q1
Investment	-	4,563,954 Mil. USD, SAAR, Quarterly; 2023 Q1
Consumer Price Index (CPI)	-	302.92 Index 1982-84=100, SA, Monthly; Apr 2023
Producer Price Index (PPI)	-	254.53 Index 1982=100, SA, Monthly; Apr 2023
Total Employment Non-Ag	-	155,673 Ths. #, SA, Monthly; Apr 2023
Unemployment Rate	-	3.4 %, SA, Monthly; Apr 2023
Imports of Goods	-	260,902 Mil. USD, SA, Monthly; Mar 2023
Exports of Goods	-	174,309 Mil. USD, SA, Monthly; Mar 2023
Net Exports	-	-839,471 Mil. USD, SAAR, Quarterly; 2023 Q1
Lending Rate	-	5.08 % p.a., NSA, Business Daily; 16 May 2023
House Price Index	-	623.66 Index 1980Q1=100, NSA, Quarterly; 2022 Q4
Consumer Confidence	-	97.27 Index Long term avg=100, SA, Monthly; Apr 2023
Personal Income	-	22,647,206 Mil. USD, SAAR, Quarterly; 2023 Q1
Retail Sales	-	509,041 Mil. USD, CDASA, Monthly; Sep 2018

TRY to USD Historical Rates(table)

Date	Open	Highest	Lowest	Close
TRY to USD (2023-05-28)	0.0500	0.0501	0.0501	0.0495
TRY to USD (2023-05-26)	0.0500	0.0501	0.0505	0.0496
TRY to USD (2023-05-25)	0.0501	0.0503	0.0505	0.0499
TRY to USD (2023-05-24)	0.0502	0.0503	0.0507	0.0500
TRY to USD (2023-05-23)	0.0503	0.0504	0.0507	0.0492
TRY to USD (2023-05-22)	0.0504	0.0505	0.0509	0.0496
TRY to USD (2023-05-19)	0.0505	0.0505	0.0509	0.0502
TRY to USD (2023-05-18)	0.0505	0.0507	0.0509	0.0503
TRY to USD (2023-05-17)	0.0506	0.0507	0.0510	0.0503
TRY to USD (2023-05-16)	0.0507	0.0509	0.0511	0.0505
TRY to USD (2023-05-15)	0.0508	0.0509	0.0514	0.0505
TRY to USD (2023-05-12)	0.0510	0.0512	0.0516	0.0507
TRY to USD (2023-05-11)	0.0511	0.0512	0.0515	0.0507
TRY to USD (2023-05-10)	0.0511	0.0512	0.0516	0.0509
TRY to USD (2023-05-09)	0.0512	0.0512	0.0516	0.0509
TRY to USD (2023-05-08)	0.0512	0.0513	0.0516	0.0509
TRY to USD (2023-05-05)	0.0512	0.0513	0.0516	0.0510
TRY to USD (2023-05-04)	0.0513	0.0514	0.0516	0.0510
TRY to USD (2023-05-03)	0.0513	0.0514	0.0516	0.0510
TRY to USD (2023-05-02)	0.0513	0.0514	0.0517	0.0511
TRY to USD (2023-05-01)	0.0513	0.0514	0.0517	0.0512
TRY to USD (2023-04-28)	0.0514	0.0514	0.0518	0.0512

TRY to USD Handy Conversion

1 TRY = 0.05 USD

2 TRY = 0.1 USD

3 TRY = 0.15 USD

4 TRY = 0.2 USD

5 TRY = 0.25 USD

6 TRY = 0.3 USD

7 TRY = 0.35 USD

8 TRY = 0.4 USD

9 TRY = 0.45 USD

10 TRY = 0.5 USD

15 TRY = 0.75 USD

20 TRY = 1 USD

25 TRY = 1.25 USD

50 TRY = 2.5 USD

100 TRY = 5 USD

200 TRY = 10 USD

250 TRY = 12.5 USD

500 TRY = 25 USD

750 TRY = 37.5 USD

1000 TRY = 50 USD

1500 TRY = 75 USD

2000 TRY = 100 USD

5000 TRY = 250 USD

10000 TRY = 500 USD

Comparison between Turkey and United States

Background comparison between [Turkey] and [United States]

Turkey	United States
Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk or "Father of the Turks." Under his leadership, the country adopted radical social, legal, and political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950 election victory of the opposition Democrat Party and the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, but democracy has been fractured by periods of instability and military coups (1960, 1971, 1980), which in each case eventually resulted in a return of formal political power to civilians. In 1997, the military again helped engineer the ouster - popularly dubbed a "post-modern coup" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. A coup attempt was made in July 2016 by a faction of the Turkish Armed Forces. Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist insurgency begun in 1984 by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), a US-designated terrorist organization, has long dominated the attention of Turkish security forces and claimed more than 40,000 lives. In 2013, the Turkish Government and the PKK conducted negotiations aimed at ending the violence, however intense fighting resumed in 2015. Turkey joined the UN in 1945 and in 1952 it became a member of NATO. In 1963, Turkey became an associate member of the European Community; it began accession talks with the EU in 2005. Over the past decade, economic reforms, coupled with some political reforms, have contributed to a growing economy, although economic growth slowed in recent years. From 2015 and continuing through 2016, Turkey witnessed an uptick in terrorist violence, including major attacks in Ankara, Istanbul, and throughout the predominantly Kurdish southeastern region of Turkey. On 15 July 2016, elements of the Turkish Armed forces attempted a coup that ultimately failed following widespread popular resistance. More than 240 people were killed and over 2,000 injured when Turkish citizens took to the streets en masse to confront the coup forces. In response, Turkish Government authorities arrested, suspended, or dismissed more than 100,000 security personnel, journalists, judges, academics, and civil servants due to their alleged connection with the attempted coup. The government accused followers of an Islamic transnational religious and social movement for allegedly instigating the failed coup and designates the followers as terrorists. Following the failed coup, the Turkish Government instituted a State of Emergency in July 2016 that has been extended to July 2017. The Turkish Government conducted a referendum on 16 April 2017 that will, when implemented, change Turkey from a parliamentary to a presidential system.	Britain's American colonies broke with the mother country in 1776 and were recognized as the new nation of the United States of America following the Treaty of Paris in 1783. During the 19th and 20th centuries, 37 new states were added to the original 13 as the nation expanded across the North American continent and acquired a number of overseas possessions. The two most traumatic experiences in the nation's history were the Civil War (1861-65), in which a northern Union of states defeated a secessionist Confederacy of 11 southern slave states, and the Great Depression of the 1930s, an economic downturn during which about a quarter of the labor force lost its jobs. Buoyed by victories in World Wars I and II and the end of the Cold War in 1991, the US remains the world's most powerful nation state. Since the end of World War II, the economy has achieved relatively steady growth, low unemployment and inflation, and rapid advances in technology.

Turkey

United States

Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk or "Father of the Turks." Under his leadership, the country adopted radical social, legal, and political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950 election victory of the opposition Democrat Party and the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, but democracy has been fractured by periods of instability and military coups (1960, 1971, 1980), which in each case eventually resulted in a return of formal political power to civilians. In 1997, the military again helped engineer the ouster - popularly dubbed a "post-modern coup" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. A coup attempt was made in July 2016 by a faction of the Turkish Armed Forces.

Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist insurgency begun in 1984 by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), a US-designated terrorist organization, has long dominated the attention of Turkish security forces and claimed more than 40,000 lives. In 2013, the Turkish Government and the PKK conducted negotiations aimed at ending the violence, however intense fighting resumed in 2015. Turkey joined the UN in 1945 and in 1952 it became a member of NATO. In 1963, Turkey became an associate member of the European Community; it began accession talks with the EU in 2005. Over the past decade, economic reforms, coupled with some political reforms, have contributed to a growing economy, although economic growth slowed in recent years.

From 2015 and continuing through 2016, Turkey witnessed an uptick in terrorist violence, including major attacks in Ankara, Istanbul, and throughout the predominantly Kurdish southeastern region of Turkey. On 15 July 2016, elements of the Turkish Armed forces attempted a coup that ultimately failed following widespread popular resistance. More than 240 people were killed and over 2,000 injured when Turkish citizens took to the streets en masse to confront the coup forces. In response, Turkish Government authorities arrested, suspended, or dismissed more than 100,000 security personnel, journalists, judges, academics, and civil servants due to their alleged connection with the attempted coup. The government accused followers of an Islamic transnational religious and social movement for allegedly instigating the failed coup and designates the followers as terrorists. Following the failed coup, the Turkish Government instituted a State of Emergency in July 2016 that has been extended to July 2017. The Turkish Government conducted a referendum on 16 April 2017 that will, when implemented, change Turkey from a parliamentary to a presidential system.

Britain's American colonies broke with the mother country in 1776 and were recognized as the new nation of the United States of America following the Treaty of Paris in 1783. During the 19th and 20th centuries, 37 new states were added to the original 13 as the nation expanded across the North American continent and acquired a number of overseas possessions. The two most traumatic experiences in the nation's history were the Civil War (1861-65), in which a northern Union of states defeated a secessionist Confederacy of 11 southern slave states, and the Great Depression of the 1930s, an economic downturn during which about a quarter of the labor force lost its jobs. Buoyed by victories in World Wars I and II and the end of the Cold War in 1991, the US remains the world's most powerful nation state. Since the end of World War II, the economy has achieved relatively steady growth, low unemployment and inflation, and rapid advances in technology.

Geography comparison between [Turkey] and [United States]

	Turkey	United States
Location	Southeastern Europe and Southwestern Asia (that portion of Turkey west of the Bosporus is geographically part of Europe), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria	North America, bordering both the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean, between Canada and Mexico
Geographic coordinates	39 00 N, 35 00 E	38 00 N, 97 00 W
Map references	Middle East	North America
Area	total: 783,562 sq km land: 769,632 sq km water: 13,930 sq km country comparison to the world: 38	total: 9,833,517 sq km land: 9,147,593 sq km water: 685,924 sq km note: includes only the 50 states and District of Columbia, no overseas territories (2010) country comparison to the world: 4
Land boundaries	total: 2,816 km border countries (8): Armenia 311 km, Azerbaijan 17 km, Bulgaria 223 km, Georgia 273 km, Greece 192 km, Iran 534 km, Iraq 367 km, Syria 899 km	total: 12,048 km border countries (2): Canada 8,893 km (including 2,477 km with Alaska), Mexico 3,155 km note: US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba is leased by the US and is part of Cuba; the base boundary is 28.5 km
Coastline	7,200 km	19,924 km
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 6 nm in the Aegean Sea; 12 nm in Black Sea and in Mediterranean Sea exclusive economic zone: in Black Sea only: to the maritime boundary agreed upon with the former USSR	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: not specified
Climate	temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior	mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the great plains west of the Mississippi River, and arid in the Great Basin of the southwest; low winter temperatures in the northwest are ameliorated occasionally in January and February by warm chinook winds from the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains
Terrain	high central plateau (Anatolia); narrow coastal plain; several mountain ranges	vast central plain, mountains in west, hills and low mountains in east; rugged mountains and broad river valleys in Alaska; rugged, volcanic topography in Hawaii
Elevation	mean elevation: 1,132 m elevation extremes: lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Ararat 5,137 m	mean elevation: 760 m elevation extremes: lowest point: Death Valley -86 m (lowest point in North America) highest point: Denali (Mount McKinley) 6,190 m (highest point in North America) note: the peak of Mauna Kea (4,205 m above sea level) on the island of Hawaii rises about 10,200 m above the Pacific Ocean floor; by this measurement, it is the world's tallest mountain - higher than Mount Everest (8,850 m), which is recognized as the tallest mountain above sea level
Natural resources	coal, iron ore, copper, chromium, antimony, mercury, gold, barite, borate, celestite (strontium), emery, feldspar, limestone, magnesite, marble, perlite, pumice, pyrites (sulfur), clay, arable land, hydropower	coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, rare earth elements, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel, potash, silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum, natural gas, timber, arable land note: the US has the world's largest coal reserves with 491 billion short tons accounting for 27% of the world's total
Land use	agricultural land: 49.7% arable land 26.7%; permanent crops 4%; permanent pasture 19% forest: 14.9% other: 35.4% (2011 est.)	agricultural land: 44.5% arable land 16.8%; permanent crops 0.3%; permanent pasture 27.4% forest: 33.3% other: 22.2% (2011 est.)
Irrigated land	52,150 sq km (2012)	264,000 sq km (2012)
Population - distribution	the most densely populated area is found around the Bosporus in the northwest where 20% of the population lives in Istanbul; with the exception of Ankara, urban centers remain small and scattered throughout the interior of Anatolia; an overall pattern of peripheral development exists, particularly along the Aegean Sea coast in the west, and the Tigris and Euphrates River systems in the southeast	large urban clusters are spread throughout the eastern half of the US (particularly the Great Lakes area, northeast, east, and southeast) and the western tier states; mountainous areas, principally the Rocky Mountains and Appalachian chain, deserts in the southwest, the dense boreal forests in the extreme north, and the central prairie states are less densely populated; Alaska's population is concentrated along its southern coast - with particular emphasis on the city of Anchorage - and Hawaii's is centered on the island of Oahu
Natural hazards	severe earthquakes, especially in northern Turkey, along an arc extending from the Sea of Marmara to Lake Van; landslides; flooding volcanism: limited volcanic activity; its three historically active volcanoes; Ararat, Nemrut Dagi, and Tendurek Dagi have not erupted since the 19th century or earlier	tsunamis; volcanoes; earthquake activity around Pacific Basin; hurricanes along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts; tornadoes in the Midwest and Southeast; mud slides in California; forest fires in the west; flooding; permafrost in northern Alaska, a major impediment to development volcanism: volcanic activity in the Hawaiian Islands, Western Alaska, the Pacific Northwest, and in the Northern Mariana Islands; both Mauna Loa (4,170 m) in Hawaii and Mount Rainier (4,392 m) in Washington have been deemed Decade Volcanoes by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to their explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Pavlof (2,519 m) is the most active volcano in Alaska's Aleutian Arc and poses a significant threat to air travel since the area constitutes a major flight path between North America and East Asia; St. Helens (2,549 m), famous for the devastating 1980 eruption, remains active today; numerous other historically active volcanoes exist, mostly concentrated in the Aleutian arc and Hawaii; they include: in Alaska: Aniakchak, Augustine, Chiginagak, Fourpeaked, Iliamna, Katmai, Kupreanof, Martin, Novarupta, Redoubt, Spurr, Wrangell, Trident, Ugashik-Peulik, Ukinrek Maars, Veniaminof; in Hawaii: Haleakala, Kilauea, Loihi; in the Northern Mariana Islands: Anatahan; and in the Pacific Northwest: Mount Baker, Mount Hood
Environment - current issues	water pollution from dumping of chemicals and detergents; air pollution, particularly in urban areas; deforestation; concern for oil spills from increasing Bosporus ship traffic	large emitter of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels; air pollution resulting in acid rain in both the US and Canada; water pollution from runoff of pesticides and fertilizers; limited natural freshwater resources in much of the western part of the country require careful management; desertification
Environment - international agreements	party to: Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification	party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Hazardous Wastes
Geography - note	strategic location controlling the Turkish Straits (Bosporus, Sea of Marmara, Dardanelles) that link the Black and Aegean Seas; the 3% of Turkish territory north of the Straits lies in Europe and goes by the names of European Turkey, Eastern Thrace, or Turkish Thrace; the 97% of the country in Asia is referred to as Anatolia; Mount Ararat, the legendary landing place of Noah's ark, is in the far eastern portion of the country	world's third-largest country by size (after Russia and Canada) and by population (after China and India); Denali (Mt. McKinley) is the highest point in North America and Death Valley the lowest point on the continent
Area - comparative	-	about half the size of Russia; about three-tenths the size of Africa; about half the size of South America (or slightly larger than Brazil); slightly larger than China; more than twice the size of the European Union

People comparison between [Turkey] and [United States]

	Turkey	United States
Population	80,845,215 (July 2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 18	326,625,791 (July 2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 3
Nationality	noun: Turk(s) adjective: Turkish	noun: American(s) adjective: American
Ethnic groups	Turkish 70-75%, Kurdish 19%, other minorities 7-12% (2016 est.)	white 72.4%, black 12.6%, Asian 4.8%, Amerindian and Alaska native 0.9%, native Hawaiian and other Pacific islander 0.2%, other 6.2%, two or more races 2.9% (2010 est.) note: a separate listing for Hispanic is not included because the US Census Bureau considers Hispanic to mean persons of Spanish/Hispanic/Latino origin including those of Mexican, Cuban, Puerto Rican, Dominican Republic, Spanish, and Central or South American origin living in the US who may be of any race or ethnic group (white, black, Asian, etc.); an estimated 16.3% of the total US population is Hispanic as of 2010
Languages	Turkish (official), Kurdish, other minority languages	English 79%, Spanish 13%, other Indo-European 3.7%, Asian and Pacific island 3.4%, other 1% (2015 est.) note: data represent the language spoken at home; the US has no official national language, but English has acquired official status in 32 of the 50 states; Hawaiian is an official language in the state of Hawaii, and 20 indigenous languages are official in Alaska
Religions	Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni), other 0.2% (mostly Christians and Jews)	Protestant 46.5%, Roman Catholic 20.8%, Jewish 1.9%, Mormon 1.6%, other Christian 0.9%, Muslim 0.9%, Jehovah's Witness 0.8%, Buddhist 0.7%, Hindu 0.7%, other 1.8%, unaffiliated 22.8%, don't know/refused 0.6% (2014 est.)
Dependency ratios	total dependency ratio: 50.1 youth dependency ratio: 38.4 elderly dependency ratio: 11.7 potential support ratio: 8.5 (2015 est.)	total dependency ratio: 51.2 youth dependency ratio: 29 elderly dependency ratio: 22.1 potential support ratio: 4.5 (2015 est.)
Median age	total: 30.9 years male: 30.5 years female: 31.4 years (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 110	total: 38.1 years male: 36.8 years female: 39.4 years (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 60
Population growth rate	0.52% (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 153	0.81% (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 129
Birth rate	15.7 births/1,000 population (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 119	12.5 births/1,000 population (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 158
Death rate	6 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 165	8.2 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 85
Net migration rate	-4.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 185	3.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 29
Population distribution	the most densely populated area is found around the Bosporus in the northwest where 20% of the population lives in Istanbul; with the exception of Ankara, urban centers remain small and scattered throughout the interior of Anatolia; an overall pattern of peripheral development exists, particularly along the Aegean Sea coast in the west, and the Tigris and Euphrates River systems in the southeast	large urban clusters are spread throughout the eastern half of the US (particularly the Great Lakes area, northeast, east, and southeast) and the western tier states; mountainous areas, principally the Rocky Mountains and Appalachian chain, deserts in the southwest, the dense boreal forests in the extreme north, and the central prarie states are less densely populated; Alaska's population is concentrated along its southern coast - with particular emphasis on the city of Anchorage - and Hawaii's is centered on the island of Oahu
Urbanization	urban population: 74.4% of total population (2017) rate of urbanization: 1.54% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)	urban population: 82% of total population (2017) rate of urbanization: 0.99% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)
Major urban areas - population	Istanbul 14.164 million; ANKARA (capital) 4.75 million; Izmir 3.04 million; Bursa 1.923 million; Adana 1.83 million; Gaziantep 1.528 million (2015)	New York-Newark 18.593 million; Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana 12.31 million; Chicago 8.745 million; Miami 5.817 million; Dallas-Fort Worth 5.703 million; WASHINGTON, D.C. (capital) 4.955 million (2015)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2017 est.)	at birth: NA 0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 1 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth	22.3 years (2010 est.)	26.4 years (2015 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio	16 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 134	14 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 138
Infant mortality rate	total: 17.6 deaths/1,000 live births male: 18.8 deaths/1,000 live births female: 16.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 91	total: 5.8 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.3 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 170
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 75 years male: 72.7 years female: 77.5 years (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 113	total population: 80 years male: 77.7 years female: 82.2 years (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 43
Total fertility rate	2.01 children born/woman (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 118	1.87 children born/woman (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 143
Contraceptive prevalence rate	73.5% (2013)	74.1% note: percent of women aged 15-44 (2011/13)
Health expenditures	5.4% of GDP (2014) country comparison to the world: 131	17.1% of GDP (2014) country comparison to the world: 1
Physicians density	1.75 physicians/1,000 population (2014)	2.57 physicians/1,000 population (2014)
Hospital bed density	2.7 beds/1,000 population (2013)	2.9 beds/1,000 population (2013)
Drinking water source	improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2015 est.)	improved: urban: 99.4% of population rural: 98.2% of population total: 99.2% of population unimproved: urban: 0.6% of population rural: 1.8% of population total: 0.8% of population (2015 est.)
Sanitation facility access	improved: urban: 98.3% of population rural: 85.5% of population total: 94.9% of population unimproved: urban: 1.7% of population rural: 14.5% of population total: 5.1% of population (2015 est.)	improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2015 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate	NA	NA
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS	NA	NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths	NA	NA
Obesity - adult prevalence rate	32.1% (2016) country comparison to the world: 17	36.2% (2016) country comparison to the world: 12
Children under the age of 5 years underweight	1.9% (2013) country comparison to the world: 123	0.5% (2012) country comparison to the world: 136
Education expenditures	4.4% of GDP (2014) country comparison to the world: 142	5% of GDP (2014) country comparison to the world: 63
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 95.6% male: 98.6% female: 92.6% (2015 est.)	-
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)	total: 16 years male: 17 years female: 16 years (2013)	total: 17 years male: 16 years female: 17 years (2014)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24	total: 18.5% male: 16.5% female: 22.2% (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 72	total: 10.4% male: 11.4% female: 9.3% (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 127

Government comparison between [Turkey] and [United States]

	Turkey	United States
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Turkey conventional short form: Turkey local long form: Turkiye Cumhuriyeti local short form: Turkiye etymology: the name means "Land of the Turks"	conventional long form: United States of America conventional short form: United States abbreviation: US or USA etymology: the name America is derived from that of Amerigo VESPUCCI (1454-1512) - Italian explorer, navigator, and cartographer - using the Latin form of his name, Americus, feminized to America
Government type	parliamentary republic	constitutional federal republic
Capital	name: Ankara geographic coordinates: 39 56 N, 32 52 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)	name: Washington, DC geographic coordinates: 38 53 N, 77 02 W time difference: UTC-5 (during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November note: the 50 United States cover six time zones
Administrative divisions	81 provinces (iller, singular - ili); Adana, Adiyaman, Afyonkarahisar, Agri, Aksaray, Amasya, Ankara, Antalya, Ardahan, Artvin, Aydin, Balikesir, Bartin, Batman, Bayburt, Bilecik, Bingol, Bitlis, Bolu, Burdur, Bursa, Canakkale, Cankiri, Corum, Denizli, Diyarbakir, Duzce, Edirne, Elazig, Erzincan, Erzurum, Eskisehir, Gaziantep, Giresun, Gumushane, Hakkari, Hatay, Igdir, Isparta, Istanbul, Izmir (Smyrna), Kahramanmaras, Karabuk, Karaman, Kars, Kastamonu, Kayseri, Kilis, Kirikkale, Kirklareli, Kirsehir, Kocaeli, Konya, Kutahya, Malatya, Manisa, Mardin, Mersin, Mugla, Mus, Nevsehir, Nigde, Ordu, Osmaniye, Rize, Sakarya, Samsun, Sanliurfa, Siirt, Sinop, Sirnak, Sivas, Tekirdag, Tokat, Trabzon (Trebizond), Tunceli, Usak, Van, Yalova, Yozgat, Zonguldak	50 states and 1 district; Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming
Independence	29 October 1923 (republic proclaimed succeeding the Ottoman Empire)	4 July 1776 (declared independence from Great Britain); 3 September 1783 (recognized by Great Britain)
National holiday	Republic Day, 29 October (1923)	Independence Day, 4 July (1776)
Constitution	history: several previous; latest ratified 9 November 1982 amendments: proposed by written consent of at least one-third of Grand National Assembly (GNA) members; adoption of draft amendments requires two debates in plenary GNA session and three-fifths majority vote of all GNA members; the president of the republic can request GNA reconsideration of the amendment and, if readopted by two-thirds majority GNA vote, the president may submit the amendment to a referendum; passage by referendum requires absolute majority vote; amended several times, last in 2017 (2018)	previous 1781 (Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union); latest drafted July - September 1787, submitted to the Congress of the Confederation 20 September 1787, submitted for states' ratification 28 September 1787, ratification completed by nine states 21 June 1788, effective 4 March 1789; amended many times, last in 1992 (2016)
Legal system	civil law system based on various European legal systems, notably the Swiss civil code	common law system based on English common law at the federal level; state legal systems based on common law except Louisiana, which is based on Napoleonic civil code; judicial review of legislative acts
International law organization participation	has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt	withdrew acceptance of compulsory ICJ jurisdiction in 2005; withdrew acceptance of ICCt jurisdiction in 2002
Citizenship	citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Turkey dual citizenship recognized: yes, but requires prior permission from the government residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years	citizenship by birth: yes citizenship by descent: yes dual citizenship recognized: no, but the US government acknowledges such situtations exist; US citizens are not encouraged to seek dual citizenship since it limits protection by the US residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Executive branch	chief of state: President Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (since 10 August 2014) head of government: Prime Minister Binali YILDIRIM (since 22 May 2016); Deputy Prime Ministers Recep AKDAG (since 20 July 2017), Bekir BOZDAG (since 20 July 2017), Hakan CAVUSOGLU (since 20 July 2017), Fikri ISIK (since 20 July 2017), Mehmet SIMSEK (since 24 November 2015) cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president (until the next parliamentary or presidential election following the April 2017 referendum) elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president from among members of parliament; note - a 2007 constitutional amendment changed the presidential electoral process to direct popular vote; prime minister appointed by the president from among members of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey; election last held on 10 August 2014 (next to be held on 24 June 2018) election results: Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN elected president; Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (AKP) 51.8%, Ekmeleddin IHSANOGLU (independent) 38.4%, Selahattin DEMIRTAS (HDP) 9.8%	chief of state: President Donald J. TRUMP (since 20 January 2017); Vice President Michael R. PENCE (since 20 January 2017); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government head of government: President Donald J. TRUMP (since 20 January 2017); Vice President Michael R. PENCE (since 20 January 2017) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president, approved by the Senate elections/appointments: president and vice president indirectly elected on the same ballot by the Electoral College of 'electors' chosen from each state; president and vice president serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 8 November 2016 (next to be held on 10 November 2020) election results: Donald J. TRUMP elected president; electoral vote - Donald J. TRUMP (Republican Party) 304, Hillary D. CLINTON (Democratic Party) 227, other 7; percent of direct popular vote - Hillary D. CLINTON 48.2%, Donald J. TRUMP 46.1%, other 5.7%
Legislative branch	description: unicameral Grand National Assembly of Turkey or Turkiye Buyuk Millet Meclisi (550 seats - will increase to 600 at November 2018 election); members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms - term increased to 5 years beginning with November 2018 election) elections: last held on 1 November 2015 (next to be held on 24 June 2018) election results: percent of vote by party - AKP 49.5%, CHP 25.3%, MHP 11.9%, HDP 10.8%, other 2.5%; seats by party - AKP 317, CHP 134, HDP 59, MHP 40, ; note - only parties surpassing the 10% threshold can win parliamentary seats	description: bicameral Congress consists of the Senate (100 seats; 2 members directly elected in each of the 50 state constituencies by simple majority vote except in Georgia and Louisiana which require an absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 6-year terms with one-third of membership renewed every 2 years) and the House of Representatives (435 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote except in Georgia which requires an absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 2-year terms) elections: Senate - last held on 8 November 2016 (next to be held on 6 November 2018); House of Representatives - last held on 8 November 2016 (next to be held on 6 November 2018) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Republican Party 24, Democratic Party 10; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Republican Party 241, Democratic Party 194, note: in addition to the regular members of the House of Representatives there are 6 non-voting delegates elected from the District of Columbia and the US territories of American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Virgin Islands; these are single seat constituencies directly elected by simple majority vote to serve a 2-year term (except for the resident commissioner of Puerto Rico who serves a 4-year term); the delegate can vote when serving on a committee and when the House meets as the Committee of the Whole House, but not when legislation is submitted for a “full floor” House vote; election of delegates last held on 8 November 2016 (next to be held on 6 November 2018)
Judicial branch	highest court: Constitutional Court or Anayasa Mahkemesi (consists of 17 members - a constitutional referendum held in 2017 approved an amendment to reduce to 15 from 17 the number of Constitutional Court judges); Court of Cassation (consists of about 390 judges and is organized into civil and penal chambers); Council of State (organized into 15 divisions - 14 judicial and 1 consultative - each with a division head and at least 5 members) judge selection and term of office: Constitutional Court members - 3 appointed by the Grand National Assembly and 12 by the president of the republic; court president and 2 deputy presidents appointed from among its members for 4-year terms; judges appointed for 12-year, nonrenewable terms with mandatory retirement at age 65; Court of Cassation judges appointed by the Board of Judges and Prosecutors, a 13-member body of judicial officials; Court of Cassation judges appointed until retirement at age 65; Council of State members appointed by the Board and by the president of the republic; members appointed for renewable, 4-year terms subordinate courts: regional appeals courts; basic (first instance) courts, peace courts; military courts; state security courts; specialized courts, including administrative and audit; note - a constitutional amendment in 2017 abolished military courts unless established to investigate military personnel actions during war conditions	highest court(s): US Supreme Court (consists of 9 justices - the chief justice and 8 associate justices) judge selection and term of office: president nominates and, with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoints Supreme Court justices; justices appointed for life subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal (includes the US Court of Appeal for the Federal District and 12 regional appeals courts); 94 federal district courts in 50 states and territories note: the US court system consists of the federal court system and the state court systems; although each court system is responsible for hearing certain types of cases, neither is completely independent of the other, and the systems often interact
Political parties and leaders	Democrat Party or DP [Gultekin UYSAL] Democratic Left Party or DSP [Onder AKSAKAL] Felicity Party or SP [Temel KARAMOLLAOGLU] Good Party or IYI [Meral AKSENER] Grand Unity Party or BBP [Mustafa DESTICI] Justice and Development Party or AKP [Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN] Nationalist Movement Party or MHP [Devlet BAHCELI] Patriotic Party or VP [Dogu PERINCEK] People's Democratic Party or HDP [Selahattin DEMIRTAS and Serpil KEMALBAY]; note - DEMIRTAS was detained by Turkish authorities in November 2016 over his alleged links to the PKK Republican People's Party or CHP [Kemal KILICDAROGLU] True Path Party or DYP [Cetin OZACIRGOZ]	Democratic Party [Tom PEREZ] Green Party [collective leadership] Libertarian Party [Nicholas SARWARK] Republican Party [Ronna Romney MCDANIEL]
Political pressure groups and leaders	Confederation of Public Sector Unions or KESK [Mehmet BOZGEYIK, Aysun GEZEN, cochairs] Confederation of Revolutionary Workers Unions or DISK [Kani BEKO] Independent Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association or MUSIAD [Abfuttahman KAAN] Moral Rights Workers Union or Hak-Is [Mahmut ARSLAN] Turkish Confederation of Employer Associations or TISK [Kudret ONEN] Turkish Confederation of Labor Unions or Turk-Is [Ergun ATALAY] Turkish Confederation of Tradesmen and Craftsmen or TESK [Bendevi PALANDOKEN] Turkish Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association or TUSIAD [Erol BILECIK] Turkish Union of Chambers of Commerce and Commodity Exchanges or TOBB [M. Rifat HISARCIKLIOGLU]	environmentalists; business groups; labor unions; churches; ethnic groups; political action committees or PACs; health groups; education groups; civic groups; youth groups; transportation groups; agricultural groups; veterans groups; women's groups; reform lobbies
International organization participation	ADB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CERN (observer), CICA, CPLP (associate observer), D-8, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EU (candidate country), FAO, FATF, G-20, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, PIF (partner), SCO (dialogue member), SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC	ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), ANZUS, APEC, Arctic Council, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CE (observer), CERN (observer), CICA (observer), CP, EAPC, EAS, EBRD, EITI (implementing country), FAO, FATF, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAFTA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNSC (permanent), UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Serdar KILIC (since 21 May 2014) chancery: 2525 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 612-6700 FAX: [1] (202) 612-6744 consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affairs Philip KOSNETT (since 16 October 2017) embassy: 110 Ataturk Boulevard, Kavaklidere, 06100 Ankara mailing address: PSC 93, Box 5000, APO AE 09823 telephone: [90] (312) 455-5555 FAX: [90] (312) 467-0019 consulate(s) general: Istanbul consulate(s): Adana	-
Flag description	red with a vertical white crescent moon (the closed portion is toward the hoist side) and white five-pointed star centered just outside the crescent opening; the flag colors and designs closely resemble those on the banner of the Ottoman Empire, which preceded modern-day Turkey; the crescent moon and star serve as insignia for Turkic peoples; according to one interpretation, the flag represents the reflection of the moon and a star in a pool of blood of Turkish warriors	13 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing 50 small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six stars (top and bottom) alternating with rows of five stars; the 50 stars represent the 50 states, the 13 stripes represent the 13 original colonies; the blue stands for loyalty, devotion, truth, justice, and friendship; red symbolizes courage, zeal, and fervency, while white denotes purity and rectitude of conduct; commonly referred to by its nickname of Old Glory note: the design and colors have been the basis for a number of other flags, including Chile, Liberia, Malaysia, and Puerto Rico
National symbol(s)	star and crescent; national colors: red, white	bald eagle; national colors: red, white, blue
National anthem	name: "Istiklal Marsi" (Independence March) lyrics/music: Mehmet Akif ERSOY/Zeki UNGOR note: lyrics adopted 1921, music adopted 1932; the anthem's original music was adopted in 1924; a new composition was agreed upon in 1932	name: "The Star-Spangled Banner" lyrics/music: Francis Scott KEY/John Stafford SMITH note: adopted 1931; during the War of 1812, after witnessing the successful American defense of Fort McHenry in Baltimore following British naval bombardment, Francis Scott KEY wrote the lyrics to what would become the national anthem; the lyrics were set to the tune of "The Anacreontic Song"; only the first verse is sung
Dependent areas	-	American Samoa, Baker Island, Guam, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Navassa Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palmyra Atoll, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Wake Island note: from 18 July 1947 until 1 October 1994, the US administered the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; it entered into a political relationship with all four political entities: the Northern Mariana Islands is a commonwealth in political union with the US (effective 3 November 1986); the Republic of the Marshall Islands signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 21 October 1986); the Federated States of Micronesia signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 3 November 1986); Palau concluded a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 1 October 1994)

Economy comparison between [Turkey] and [United States]

	Turkey	United States
Economy - overview	Turkey's largely free-market economy is driven by its industry and, increasingly, service sectors, although its traditional agriculture sector still accounts for about 25% of employment. The automotive, petrochemical, and electronics industries have risen in importance and surpassed the traditional textiles and clothing sectors within Turkey's export mix. However, the recent period of political stability and economic dynamism has given way to domestic uncertainty and security concerns, which are generating financial market volatility and weighing on Turkey’s economic outlook. Current government policies emphasize populist spending measures and credit breaks, while implementation of structural economic reforms has slowed. The government is playing a more active role in some strategic sectors and has used economic institutions and regulators to target political opponents, undermining private sector confidence in the judicial system. Between July 2016 and March 2017, three credit ratings agencies downgraded Turkey’s sovereign credit ratings, citing concerns about the rule of law and the pace of economic reforms. Turkey remains highly dependent on imported oil and gas but is pursuing energy relationships with a broader set of international partners and taking steps to increase use of domestic energy sources including renewables, nuclear, and coal. The joint Turkish-Azerbaijani Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline is moving forward to increase transport of Caspian gas to Turkey and Europe, and when completed will help diversify Turkey's sources of imported gas. After Turkey experienced a severe financial crisis in 2001, Ankara adopted financial and fiscal reforms as part of an IMF program. The reforms strengthened the country's economic fundamentals and ushered in an era of strong growth averaging more than 6% annually until 2008. An aggressive privatization program also reduced state involvement in basic industry, banking, transport, power generation, and communication. Global economic conditions and tighter fiscal policy caused GDP to contract in 2009, but Turkey's well-regulated financial markets and banking system helped the country weather the global financial crisis, and GDP growth rebounded to around 9% in 2010 and 2011, as exports and investment recovered following the crisis. The growth of Turkish GDP since 2016 has revealed the persistent underlying imbalances in the Turkish economy. In particular, Turkey’s large current account deficit means it must rely on external investment inflows to finance growth, leaving the economy vulnerable to destabilizing shifts in investor confidence. Other troublesome trends include rising unemployment and inflation, which increased in 2017, given the Turkish lira’s continuing depreciation against the dollar. Although government debt remains low at about 30% of GDP, bank and corporate borrowing has almost tripled as a percent of GDP during the past decade, outpacing its emerging-market peers and prompting investor concerns about its long-term sustainability.	The US has the most technologically powerful economy in the world, with a per capita GDP of $59,500. US firms are at or near the forefront in technological advances, especially in computers, pharmaceuticals, and medical, aerospace, and military equipment; however, their advantage has narrowed since the end of World War II. Based on a comparison of GDP measured at purchasing power parity conversion rates, the US economy in 2014, having stood as the largest in the world for more than a century, slipped into second place behind China, which has more than tripled the US growth rate for each year of the past four decades. In the US, private individuals and business firms make most of the decisions, and the federal and state governments buy needed goods and services predominantly in the private marketplace. US business firms enjoy greater flexibility than their counterparts in Western Europe and Japan in decisions to expand capital plant, to lay off surplus workers, and to develop new products. At the same time, businesses face higher barriers to enter their rivals' home markets than foreign firms face entering US markets. Long-term problems for the US include stagnation of wages for lower-income families, inadequate investment in deteriorating infrastructure, rapidly rising medical and pension costs of an aging population, energy shortages, and sizable current account and budget deficits. The onrush of technology has been a driving factor in the gradual development of a "two-tier" labor market in which those at the bottom lack the education and the professional/technical skills of those at the top and, more and more, fail to get comparable pay raises, health insurance coverage, and other benefits. But the globalization of trade, and especially the rise of low-wage producers such as China, has put additional downward pressure on wages and upward pressure on the return to capital. Since 1975, practically all the gains in household income have gone to the top 20% of households. Since 1996, dividends and capital gains have grown faster than wages or any other category of after-tax income. Imported oil accounts for more than 50% of US consumption and oil has a major impact on the overall health of the economy. Crude oil prices doubled between 2001 and 2006, the year home prices peaked; higher gasoline prices ate into consumers' budgets and many individuals fell behind in their mortgage payments. Oil prices climbed another 50% between 2006 and 2008, and bank foreclosures more than doubled in the same period. Besides dampening the housing market, soaring oil prices caused a drop in the value of the dollar and a deterioration in the US merchandise trade deficit, which peaked at $840 billion in 2008. Because the US economy is energy-intensive, falling oil prices since 2013 have alleviated many of the problems the earlier increases had created. The sub-prime mortgage crisis, falling home prices, investment bank failures, tight credit, and the global economic downturn pushed the US into a recession by mid-2008. GDP contracted until the third quarter of 2009, the deepest and longest downturn since the Great Depression. To help stabilize financial markets, the US Congress established a $700 billion Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) in October 2008. The government used some of these funds to purchase equity in US banks and industrial corporations, much of which had been returned to the government by early 2011. In January 2009, Congress passed and former President Barack OBAMA signed a bill providing an additional $787 billion fiscal stimulus to be used over 10 years - two-thirds on additional spending and one-third on tax cuts - to create jobs and to help the economy recover. In 2010 and 2011, the federal budget deficit reached nearly 9% of GDP. In 2012, the Federal Government reduced the growth of spending and the deficit shrank to 7.6% of GDP. US revenues from taxes and other sources are lower, as a percentage of GDP, than those of most other countries. Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan required major shifts in national resources from civilian to military purposes and contributed to the growth of the budget deficit and public debt. Through FY 2018, the direct costs of the wars will have totaled more than $1.9 trillion, according to US Government figures. In March 2010, former President OBAMA signed into law the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), a health insurance reform that was designed to extend coverage to an additional 32 million Americans by 2016, through private health insurance for the general population and Medicaid for the impoverished. Total spending on healthcare - public plus private - rose from 9.0% of GDP in 1980 to 17.9% in 2010. In July 2010, the former president signed the DODD-FRANK Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, a law designed to promote financial stability by protecting consumers from financial abuses, ending taxpayer bailouts of financial firms, dealing with troubled banks that are "too big to fail," and improving accountability and transparency in the financial system - in particular, by requiring certain financial derivatives to be traded in markets that are subject to government regulation and oversight. In December 2012, the Federal Reserve Board (Fed) announced plans to purchase $85 billion per month of mortgage-backed and Treasury securities in an effort to hold down long-term interest rates, and to keep short-term rates near zero until unemployment dropped below 6.5% or inflation rose above 2.5%. The Fed ended its purchases during the summer of 2014, after the unemployment rate dropped to 6.2%, inflation stood at 1.7%, and public debt fell below 74% of GDP. In December 2015, the Fed raised its target for the benchmark federal funds rate by 0.25%, the first increase since the recession began. With continued low growth, the Fed opted to raise rates several times since then, and in December 2017, the target rate stood at 1.5%. In December 2017, Congress passed and President Donald TRUMP signed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which, among its various provisions, reduces the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%; lowers the individual tax rate for those with the highest incomes from 39.6% to 37%, and by lesser percentages for those at lower income levels; changes many deductions and credits used to calculate taxable income; and eliminates in 2019 the penalty imposed on taxpayers who do not obtain the minimum amount of health insurance required under the ACA. The new taxes took effect on 1 January 2018; the tax cut for corporations are permanent, but those for individuals are scheduled to expire after 2025. The Joint Committee on Taxation (JCT) under the Congressional Budget Office estimates that the new law will reduce tax revenues and increase the federal deficit by about $1.45 trillion over the 2018-2027 period. This amount would decline if economic growth were to exceed the JCT’s estimate.
GDP (purchasing power parity)	$2.133 trillion (2017 est.) $2.029 trillion (2016 est.) $1.966 trillion (2015 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars country comparison to the world: 14	$19.36 trillion (2017 est.) $18.95 trillion (2016 est.) $18.67 trillion (2015 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars country comparison to the world: 3
GDP (official exchange rate)	$841.2 billion (2017 est.)	$19.36 trillion (2017 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	5.1% (2017 est.) 3.2% (2016 est.) 6.1% (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 38	2.2% (2017 est.) 1.5% (2016 est.) 2.9% (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 144
GDP - per capita (PPP)	$26,500 (2017 est.) $25,400 (2016 est.) $25,000 (2015 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars country comparison to the world: 75	$59,500 (2017 est.) $58,600 (2016 est.) $58,200 (2015 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars country comparison to the world: 20
Gross national saving	25.1% of GDP (2017 est.) 24.5% of GDP (2016 est.) 24.8% of GDP (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 49	17.5% of GDP (2017 est.) 18% of GDP (2016 est.) 19.4% of GDP (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 105
GDP - composition, by end use	household consumption: 59.8% government consumption: 15.3% investment in fixed capital: 28.6% investment in inventories: -0.9% exports of goods and services: 24% imports of goods and services: -26.8% (2017 est.)	household consumption: 69.1% government consumption: 17.2% investment in fixed capital: 16.3% investment in inventories: 0.3% exports of goods and services: 12.2% imports of goods and services: -15.1% (2017 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin	agriculture: 6.7% industry: 31.8% services: 61.4% (2017 est.)	agriculture: 0.9% industry: 18.9% services: 80.2% (2017 est.)
Agriculture - products	tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, sugar beets, hazelnuts, pulses, citrus; livestock	wheat, corn, other grains, fruits, vegetables, cotton; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; fish; forest products
Industries	textiles, food processing, automobiles, electronics, mining (coal, chromate, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper	highly diversified, world leading, high-technology innovator, second-largest industrial output in the world; petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber, mining
Industrial production growth rate	3% (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 100	1.8% (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 144
Labor force	31.3 million note: this number is for the domestic labor force only; number does not include about 1.2 million Turks working abroad, nor refugees (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 20	160.4 million note: includes unemployed (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 4
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 18.4% industry: 26.6% services: 54.9% (2016 est.)	farming, forestry, and fishing: 0.7% manufacturing, extraction, transportation, and crafts: 20.3% managerial, professional, and technical: 37.3% sales and office: 24.2% other services: 17.6% note: figures exclude the unemployed (2009 est.)
Unemployment rate	11.2% (2017 est.) 10.9% (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 147	4.4% (2017 est.) 4.9% (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 60
Population below poverty line	21.9% (2015 est.)	15.1% (2010 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 2.1% highest 10%: 30.3% (2008 est.)	lowest 10%: 2% highest 10%: 30% (2007 est.)
Distribution of family income - Gini index	40.2 (2010 est.) 43.6 (2003 est.) country comparison to the world: 65	45 (2007 est.) 40.8 (1997 est.) country comparison to the world: 41
Budget	revenues: $173.9 billion expenditures: $190.4 billion (2017 est.)	revenues: $3.336 trillion expenditures: $3.991 trillion note: for the US, revenues exclude social contributions of approximately $1.0 trillion; expenditures exclude social benefits of approximately $2.3 trillion (2017 est.)
Taxes and other revenues	20.7% of GDP (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 147	17.2% of GDP note: excludes contributions for social security and other programs; if social contributions were added, taxes and other revenues would amount to approximately 22% of GDP (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 176
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)	-2% of GDP (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 86	-3.4% of GDP (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 128
Public debt	29.6% of GDP (2017 est.) 29.4% of GDP (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 165	77.4% of GDP (2017 est.) 76.5% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover only what the United States Treasury denotes as "Debt Held by the Public," which includes all debt instruments issued by the Treasury that are owned by non-US Government entities; the data include Treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by individual US states, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of Treasury borrowings from surpluses in the trusts for Federal Social Security, Federal Employees, Hospital and Supplemental Medical Insurance (Medicare), Disability and Unemployment, and several other smaller trusts; if data for intra-government debt were added, "gross debt" would increase by about one-third of GDP country comparison to the world: 43
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 October - 30 September
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	10.9% (2017 est.) 7.8% (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 205	2.1% (2017 est.) 1.3% (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 97
Central bank discount rate	5.25% (31 December 2011 est.) 15% (22 December 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 79	0.5% (31 December 2010 est.) 0.5% (31 December 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 134
Commercial bank prime lending rate	15.2% (31 December 2017 est.) 14.74% (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 42	4.3% (31 December 2017 est.) 3.51% (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 156
Stock of narrow money	$122 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $108.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 33	$3.627 trillion (31 December 2017 est.) $3.25 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 4
Stock of broad money	$445 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $399.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 24	$14 trillion (31 December 2017 est.) $12.84 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 2
Stock of domestic credit	$612.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $549.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 24	$21.59 trillion (31 December 2017 est.) $20.24 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 2
Market value of publicly traded shares	$188.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $219.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.) $195.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 36	$25.07 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) $26.33 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) $24.03 trillion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 1
Current account balance	$-38.95 billion (2017 est.) $-32.61 billion (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 198	$-462 billion (2017 est.) $-451.7 billion (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 201
Exports	$157.3 billion (2017 est.) $150.2 billion (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 34	$1.576 trillion (2017 est.) $1.456 trillion (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 3
Exports - commodities	apparel, foodstuffs, textiles, metal manufactures, transport equipment	agricultural products (soybeans, fruit, corn) 9.2%, industrial supplies (organic chemicals) 26.8%, capital goods (transistors, aircraft, motor vehicle parts, computers, telecommunications equipment) 49.0%, consumer goods (automobiles, medicines) 15.0% (2008 est.)
Exports - partners	Germany 9.8%, UK 8.2%, Iraq 5.4%, Italy 5.3%, US 4.7%, France 4.2% (2016)	Canada 18.3%, Mexico 15.9%, China 8%, Japan 4.4% (2016)
Imports	$196.8 billion (2017 est.) $191 billion (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 24	$2.352 trillion (2017 est.) $2.208 trillion (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 1
Imports - commodities	machinery, chemicals, semi-finished goods, fuels, transport equipment	agricultural products 4.9%, industrial supplies 32.9% (crude oil 8.2%), capital goods 30.4% (computers, telecommunications equipment, motor vehicle parts, office machines, electric power machinery), consumer goods 31.8% (automobiles, clothing, medicines, furniture, toys) (2008 est.)
Imports - partners	China 12.8%, Germany 10.8%, Russia 7.6%, US 5.5%, Italy 5.2% (2016)	China 21.1%, Mexico 13.4%, Canada 12.7%, Japan 6%, Germany 5.2% (2016)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold	$107.5 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $106.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 25	$117.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $117.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 22
Debt - external	$429.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $404.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 30	$17.91 trillion (31 March 2016 est.) $17.85 trillion (31 March 2015 est.) note: approximately 4/5ths of US external debt is denominated in US dollars; foreign lenders have been willing to hold US dollar denominated debt instruments because they view the dollar as the world's reserve currency country comparison to the world: 1
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home	$143.7 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $133.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 39	$4.084 trillion (31 December 2017 est.) $3.614 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 3
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad	$41.81 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $38.31 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 46	$5.644 trillion (31 December 2017 est.) $5.352 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 3
Exchange rates	Turkish liras (TRY) per US dollar - 3.63 (2017 est.) 3.02 (2016 est.) 3.02 (2015 est.) 2.72 (2014 est.) 2.19 (2013 est.)	British pounds per US dollar: 0.7836 (2017 est.), 0.738 (2016 est.), 0.738 (2015 est.), 0.607 (2014 est), 0.6391 (2013 est.) Canadian dollars per US dollar: 1, 1.308 (2017 est.), 1.3256 (2016 est.), 1.3256 (2015 est.), 1.2788 (2014 est.), 1.0298 (2013 est.) Chinese yuan per US dollar: 1, 6.7588 (2017 est.), 6.6445 (2016 est.), 6.2275 (2015 est.), 6.1434 (2014 est.), 6.1958 (2013 est.) euros per US dollar: 0.885 (2017 est.), 0.903 (2016 est.), 0.9214(2015 est.), 0.885 (2014 est.), 0.7634 (2013 est.) Japanese yen per US dollar: 111.10 (2017 est.), 108.76 (2016 est.), 108.76 (2015 est.), 121.02 (2014 est.), 97.44 (2013 est.)

Turkey

United States

Economy - overview

Turkey's largely free-market economy is driven by its industry and, increasingly, service sectors, although its traditional agriculture sector still accounts for about 25% of employment. The automotive, petrochemical, and electronics industries have risen in importance and surpassed the traditional textiles and clothing sectors within Turkey's export mix. However, the recent period of political stability and economic dynamism has given way to domestic uncertainty and security concerns, which are generating financial market volatility and weighing on Turkey’s economic outlook.

Current government policies emphasize populist spending measures and credit breaks, while implementation of structural economic reforms has slowed. The government is playing a more active role in some strategic sectors and has used economic institutions and regulators to target political opponents, undermining private sector confidence in the judicial system. Between July 2016 and March 2017, three credit ratings agencies downgraded Turkey’s sovereign credit ratings, citing concerns about the rule of law and the pace of economic reforms.

Turkey remains highly dependent on imported oil and gas but is pursuing energy relationships with a broader set of international partners and taking steps to increase use of domestic energy sources including renewables, nuclear, and coal. The joint Turkish-Azerbaijani Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline is moving forward to increase transport of Caspian gas to Turkey and Europe, and when completed will help diversify Turkey's sources of imported gas.

After Turkey experienced a severe financial crisis in 2001, Ankara adopted financial and fiscal reforms as part of an IMF program. The reforms strengthened the country's economic fundamentals and ushered in an era of strong growth averaging more than 6% annually until 2008. An aggressive privatization program also reduced state involvement in basic industry, banking, transport, power generation, and communication. Global economic conditions and tighter fiscal policy caused GDP to contract in 2009, but Turkey's well-regulated financial markets and banking system helped the country weather the global financial crisis, and GDP growth rebounded to around 9% in 2010 and 2011, as exports and investment recovered following the crisis.

The growth of Turkish GDP since 2016 has revealed the persistent underlying imbalances in the Turkish economy. In particular, Turkey’s large current account deficit means it must rely on external investment inflows to finance growth, leaving the economy vulnerable to destabilizing shifts in investor confidence. Other troublesome trends include rising unemployment and inflation, which increased in 2017, given the Turkish lira’s continuing depreciation against the dollar. Although government debt remains low at about 30% of GDP, bank and corporate borrowing has almost tripled as a percent of GDP during the past decade, outpacing its emerging-market peers and prompting investor concerns about its long-term sustainability.

The US has the most technologically powerful economy in the world, with a per capita GDP of $59,500. US firms are at or near the forefront in technological advances, especially in computers, pharmaceuticals, and medical, aerospace, and military equipment; however, their advantage has narrowed since the end of World War II. Based on a comparison of GDP measured at purchasing power parity conversion rates, the US economy in 2014, having stood as the largest in the world for more than a century, slipped into second place behind China, which has more than tripled the US growth rate for each year of the past four decades.

In the US, private individuals and business firms make most of the decisions, and the federal and state governments buy needed goods and services predominantly in the private marketplace. US business firms enjoy greater flexibility than their counterparts in Western Europe and Japan in decisions to expand capital plant, to lay off surplus workers, and to develop new products. At the same time, businesses face higher barriers to enter their rivals' home markets than foreign firms face entering US markets.

Long-term problems for the US include stagnation of wages for lower-income families, inadequate investment in deteriorating infrastructure, rapidly rising medical and pension costs of an aging population, energy shortages, and sizable current account and budget deficits.

The onrush of technology has been a driving factor in the gradual development of a "two-tier" labor market in which those at the bottom lack the education and the professional/technical skills of those at the top and, more and more, fail to get comparable pay raises, health insurance coverage, and other benefits. But the globalization of trade, and especially the rise of low-wage producers such as China, has put additional downward pressure on wages and upward pressure on the return to capital. Since 1975, practically all the gains in household income have gone to the top 20% of households. Since 1996, dividends and capital gains have grown faster than wages or any other category of after-tax income.

Imported oil accounts for more than 50% of US consumption and oil has a major impact on the overall health of the economy. Crude oil prices doubled between 2001 and 2006, the year home prices peaked; higher gasoline prices ate into consumers' budgets and many individuals fell behind in their mortgage payments. Oil prices climbed another 50% between 2006 and 2008, and bank foreclosures more than doubled in the same period. Besides dampening the housing market, soaring oil prices caused a drop in the value of the dollar and a deterioration in the US merchandise trade deficit, which peaked at $840 billion in 2008. Because the US economy is energy-intensive, falling oil prices since 2013 have alleviated many of the problems the earlier increases had created.

The sub-prime mortgage crisis, falling home prices, investment bank failures, tight credit, and the global economic downturn pushed the US into a recession by mid-2008. GDP contracted until the third quarter of 2009, the deepest and longest downturn since the Great Depression. To help stabilize financial markets, the US Congress established a $700 billion Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) in October 2008. The government used some of these funds to purchase equity in US banks and industrial corporations, much of which had been returned to the government by early 2011. In January 2009, Congress passed and former President Barack OBAMA signed a bill providing an additional $787 billion fiscal stimulus to be used over 10 years - two-thirds on additional spending and one-third on tax cuts - to create jobs and to help the economy recover. In 2010 and 2011, the federal budget deficit reached nearly 9% of GDP. In 2012, the Federal Government reduced the growth of spending and the deficit shrank to 7.6% of GDP. US revenues from taxes and other sources are lower, as a percentage of GDP, than those of most other countries.

Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan required major shifts in national resources from civilian to military purposes and contributed to the growth of the budget deficit and public debt. Through FY 2018, the direct costs of the wars will have totaled more than $1.9 trillion, according to US Government figures.

In March 2010, former President OBAMA signed into law the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), a health insurance reform that was designed to extend coverage to an additional 32 million Americans by 2016, through private health insurance for the general population and Medicaid for the impoverished. Total spending on healthcare - public plus private - rose from 9.0% of GDP in 1980 to 17.9% in 2010.

In July 2010, the former president signed the DODD-FRANK Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, a law designed to promote financial stability by protecting consumers from financial abuses, ending taxpayer bailouts of financial firms, dealing with troubled banks that are "too big to fail," and improving accountability and transparency in the financial system - in particular, by requiring certain financial derivatives to be traded in markets that are subject to government regulation and oversight.

In December 2012, the Federal Reserve Board (Fed) announced plans to purchase $85 billion per month of mortgage-backed and Treasury securities in an effort to hold down long-term interest rates, and to keep short-term rates near zero until unemployment dropped below 6.5% or inflation rose above 2.5%. The Fed ended its purchases during the summer of 2014, after the unemployment rate dropped to 6.2%, inflation stood at 1.7%, and public debt fell below 74% of GDP. In December 2015, the Fed raised its target for the benchmark federal funds rate by 0.25%, the first increase since the recession began. With continued low growth, the Fed opted to raise rates several times since then, and in December 2017, the target rate stood at 1.5%.

In December 2017, Congress passed and President Donald TRUMP signed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which, among its various provisions, reduces the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%; lowers the individual tax rate for those with the highest incomes from 39.6% to 37%, and by lesser percentages for those at lower income levels; changes many deductions and credits used to calculate taxable income; and eliminates in 2019 the penalty imposed on taxpayers who do not obtain the minimum amount of health insurance required under the ACA. The new taxes took effect on 1 January 2018; the tax cut for corporations are permanent, but those for individuals are scheduled to expire after 2025. The Joint Committee on Taxation (JCT) under the Congressional Budget Office estimates that the new law will reduce tax revenues and increase the federal deficit by about $1.45 trillion over the 2018-2027 period. This amount would decline if economic growth were to exceed the JCT’s estimate.

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$2.133 trillion (2017 est.)

$2.029 trillion (2016 est.)

$1.966 trillion (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

country comparison to the world: 14

$19.36 trillion (2017 est.)

$18.95 trillion (2016 est.)

$18.67 trillion (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

country comparison to the world: 3

GDP (official exchange rate)

$841.2 billion (2017 est.)

$19.36 trillion (2017 est.)

GDP - real growth rate

5.1% (2017 est.)

3.2% (2016 est.)

6.1% (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 38

2.2% (2017 est.)

1.5% (2016 est.)

2.9% (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 144

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$26,500 (2017 est.)

$25,400 (2016 est.)

$25,000 (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

country comparison to the world: 75

$59,500 (2017 est.)

$58,600 (2016 est.)

$58,200 (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

country comparison to the world: 20

Gross national saving

25.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

24.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

24.8% of GDP (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 49

17.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

18% of GDP (2016 est.)

19.4% of GDP (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 105

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 59.8%

government consumption: 15.3%

investment in fixed capital: 28.6%

investment in inventories: -0.9%

exports of goods and services: 24%

imports of goods and services: -26.8% (2017 est.)

household consumption: 69.1%

government consumption: 17.2%

investment in fixed capital: 16.3%

investment in inventories: 0.3%

exports of goods and services: 12.2%

imports of goods and services: -15.1% (2017 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 6.7%

industry: 31.8%

services: 61.4% (2017 est.)

agriculture: 0.9%

industry: 18.9%

services: 80.2%

(2017 est.)

Agriculture - products

tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, sugar beets, hazelnuts, pulses, citrus; livestock

wheat, corn, other grains, fruits, vegetables, cotton; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; fish; forest products

Industries

textiles, food processing, automobiles, electronics, mining (coal, chromate, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper

highly diversified, world leading, high-technology innovator, second-largest industrial output in the world; petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber, mining

Industrial production growth rate

3% (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 100

1.8% (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 144

Labor force

31.3 million

note: this number is for the domestic labor force only; number does not include about 1.2 million Turks working abroad, nor refugees (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 20

160.4 million

note: includes unemployed (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 4

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 18.4%

industry: 26.6%

services: 54.9% (2016 est.)

farming, forestry, and fishing: 0.7%

manufacturing, extraction, transportation, and crafts: 20.3%

managerial, professional, and technical: 37.3%

sales and office: 24.2%

other services: 17.6%

note: figures exclude the unemployed

(2009 est.)

Unemployment rate

11.2% (2017 est.)

10.9% (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 147

4.4% (2017 est.)

4.9% (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 60

Population below poverty line

21.9% (2015 est.)

15.1% (2010 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 2.1%

highest 10%: 30.3% (2008 est.)

lowest 10%: 2%

highest 10%: 30% (2007 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

40.2 (2010 est.)

43.6 (2003 est.)

country comparison to the world: 65

45 (2007 est.)

40.8 (1997 est.)

country comparison to the world: 41

Budget

revenues: $173.9 billion

expenditures: $190.4 billion (2017 est.)

revenues: $3.336 trillion

expenditures: $3.991 trillion

note: for the US, revenues exclude social contributions of approximately $1.0 trillion; expenditures exclude social benefits of approximately $2.3 trillion (2017 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

20.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 147

17.2% of GDP

note: excludes contributions for social security and other programs; if social contributions were added, taxes and other revenues would amount to approximately 22% of GDP (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 176

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-2% of GDP (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 86

-3.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 128

Public debt

29.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

29.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 165

77.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

76.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover only what the United States Treasury denotes as "Debt Held by the Public," which includes all debt instruments issued by the Treasury that are owned by non-US Government entities; the data include Treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by individual US states, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of Treasury borrowings from surpluses in the trusts for Federal Social Security, Federal Employees, Hospital and Supplemental Medical Insurance (Medicare), Disability and Unemployment, and several other smaller trusts; if data for intra-government debt were added, "gross debt" would increase by about one-third of GDP

country comparison to the world: 43

Fiscal year

calendar year

1 October - 30 September

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

10.9% (2017 est.)

7.8% (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 205

2.1% (2017 est.)

1.3% (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 97

Central bank discount rate

5.25% (31 December 2011 est.)

15% (22 December 2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 79

0.5% (31 December 2010 est.)

0.5% (31 December 2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 134

Commercial bank prime lending rate

15.2% (31 December 2017 est.)

14.74% (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 42

4.3% (31 December 2017 est.)

3.51% (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 156

Stock of narrow money

$122 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$108.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 33

$3.627 trillion (31 December 2017 est.)

$3.25 trillion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 4

Stock of broad money

$445 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$399.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 24

$14 trillion (31 December 2017 est.)

$12.84 trillion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 2

Stock of domestic credit

$612.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$549.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 24

$21.59 trillion (31 December 2017 est.)

$20.24 trillion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 2

Market value of publicly traded shares

$188.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

$219.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

$195.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 36

$25.07 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)

$26.33 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)

$24.03 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 1

Current account balance

$-38.95 billion (2017 est.)

$-32.61 billion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 198

$-462 billion (2017 est.)

$-451.7 billion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 201

Exports

$157.3 billion (2017 est.)

$150.2 billion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 34

$1.576 trillion (2017 est.)

$1.456 trillion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 3

Exports - commodities

apparel, foodstuffs, textiles, metal manufactures, transport equipment

agricultural products (soybeans, fruit, corn) 9.2%, industrial supplies (organic chemicals) 26.8%, capital goods (transistors, aircraft, motor vehicle parts, computers, telecommunications equipment) 49.0%, consumer goods (automobiles, medicines) 15.0% (2008 est.)

Exports - partners

Germany 9.8%, UK 8.2%, Iraq 5.4%, Italy 5.3%, US 4.7%, France 4.2% (2016)

Canada 18.3%, Mexico 15.9%, China 8%, Japan 4.4% (2016)

Imports

$196.8 billion (2017 est.)

$191 billion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 24

$2.352 trillion (2017 est.)

$2.208 trillion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 1

Imports - commodities

machinery, chemicals, semi-finished goods, fuels, transport equipment

agricultural products 4.9%, industrial supplies 32.9% (crude oil 8.2%), capital goods 30.4% (computers, telecommunications equipment, motor vehicle parts, office machines, electric power machinery), consumer goods 31.8% (automobiles, clothing, medicines, furniture, toys) (2008 est.)

Imports - partners

China 12.8%, Germany 10.8%, Russia 7.6%, US 5.5%, Italy 5.2% (2016)

China 21.1%, Mexico 13.4%, Canada 12.7%, Japan 6%, Germany 5.2% (2016)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$107.5 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$106.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 25

$117.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

$117.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 22

Debt - external

$429.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$404.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 30

$17.91 trillion (31 March 2016 est.)

$17.85 trillion (31 March 2015 est.)

note: approximately 4/5ths of US external debt is denominated in US dollars; foreign lenders have been willing to hold US dollar denominated debt instruments because they view the dollar as the world's reserve currency

country comparison to the world: 1

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$143.7 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$133.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 39

$4.084 trillion (31 December 2017 est.)

$3.614 trillion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 3

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$41.81 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$38.31 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 46

$5.644 trillion (31 December 2017 est.)

$5.352 trillion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 3

Exchange rates

Turkish liras (TRY) per US dollar -

3.63 (2017 est.)

3.02 (2016 est.)

3.02 (2015 est.)

2.72 (2014 est.)

2.19 (2013 est.)

British pounds per US dollar: 0.7836 (2017 est.), 0.738 (2016 est.), 0.738 (2015 est.), 0.607 (2014 est), 0.6391 (2013 est.)

Canadian dollars per US dollar: 1, 1.308 (2017 est.), 1.3256 (2016 est.), 1.3256 (2015 est.), 1.2788 (2014 est.), 1.0298 (2013 est.)

Chinese yuan per US dollar: 1, 6.7588 (2017 est.), 6.6445 (2016 est.), 6.2275 (2015 est.), 6.1434 (2014 est.), 6.1958 (2013 est.)

euros per US dollar: 0.885 (2017 est.), 0.903 (2016 est.), 0.9214(2015 est.), 0.885 (2014 est.), 0.7634 (2013 est.)

Japanese yen per US dollar: 111.10 (2017 est.), 108.76 (2016 est.), 108.76 (2015 est.), 121.02 (2014 est.), 97.44 (2013 est.)

Energy comparison between [Turkey] and [United States]

Turkey

United States

Electricity access

electrification - total population: 100% (2016)

Electricity - production

245.8 billion kWh (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 19

4.088 trillion kWh (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 2

Electricity - consumption

213.2 billion kWh (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 20

3.911 trillion kWh (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 2

Electricity - exports

1.442 billion kWh (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 49

9.695 billion kWh (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 25

Electricity - imports

6.4 billion kWh (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 33

80.66 billion kWh (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 2

Electricity - installed generating capacity

73.15 million kW (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 15

1.074 billion kW (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 3

Electricity - from fossil fuels

56.8% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 138

70.6% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 103

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 195

9.2% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 18

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

35.4% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 59

7.4% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 124

Electricity - from other renewable sources

11.2% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 66

10.7% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 69

Crude oil - production

49,500 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 55

8.853 million bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 3

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 200

590,900 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 21

Crude oil - imports

506,300 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 18

7.85 million bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 1

Crude oil - proved reserves

388.5 million bbl (1 January 2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 54

36.52 billion bbl (1 January 2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 11

Refined petroleum products - production

618,300 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 29

20.08 million bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 1

Refined petroleum products - consumption

943,700 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 24

19.69 million bbl/day (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 1

Refined petroleum products - exports

134,900 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 39

4.67 million bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 1

Refined petroleum products - imports

527,700 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 16

2.205 million bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 2

Natural gas - production

381 million cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 73

766.2 billion cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 1

Natural gas - consumption

81.35 billion cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 15

773.2 billion cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 1

Natural gas - exports

624 million cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 41

50.52 billion cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 7

Natural gas - imports

48.43 billion cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 7

76.96 billion cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 4

Natural gas - proved reserves

18.49 billion cu m (1 January 2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 77

8.714 trillion cu m (1 January 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 4

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

319 million Mt (2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 20

5.402 billion Mt (2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 2

Communications comparison between [Turkey] and [United States]

	Turkey	United States
Telephones - fixed lines	total subscriptions: 11,077,559 subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 14 (July 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 18	total subscriptions: 121.53 million subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 38 (July 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 3
Telephones - mobile cellular	total: 75,061,699 subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 93 (July 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 22	total: 395.881 million subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 121 (July 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 4
Telephone system	general assessment: comprehensive telecommunications network undergoing rapid modernization and expansion, especially in mobile-cellular services domestic: additional digital exchanges are permitting a rapid increase in subscribers; the construction of a network of technologically advanced intercity trunk lines, using both fiber-optic cable and digital microwave radio relay, is facilitating communication between urban centers; remote areas are reached by a domestic satellite system; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 105 telephones per 100 persons international: country code - 90; international service is provided by the SEA-ME-WE-3 submarine cable and by submarine fiber-optic cables in the Mediterranean and Black Seas that link Turkey with Italy, Greece, Israel, Bulgaria, Romania, and Russia; satellite earth stations - 12 Intelsat; mobile satellite terminals - 328 in the Inmarsat and Eutelsat systems (2016)	general assessment: a large, technologically advanced, multipurpose communications system domestic: a large system of fiber-optic cable, microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, and domestic satellites carries every form of telephone traffic; a rapidly growing cellular system carries mobile telephone traffic throughout the country international: country code - 1; multiple ocean cable systems provide international connectivity; satellite earth stations - 61 Intelsat (45 Atlantic Ocean and 16 Pacific Ocean), 5 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 4 Inmarsat (Pacific and Atlantic Ocean regions) (2016)
Broadcast media	Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT) operates multiple TV and radio networks and stations; multiple privately owned national television stations and up to 300 private regional and local television stations; multi-channel cable TV subscriptions available; more than 1,000 private radio broadcast stations (2009)	4 major terrestrial TV networks with affiliate stations throughout the country, plus cable and satellite networks, independent stations, and a limited public broadcasting sector that is largely supported by private grants; overall, thousands of TV stations broadcasting; multiple national radio networks with many affiliate stations; while most stations are commercial, National Public Radio (NPR) has a network of some 600 member stations; satellite radio available; overall, nearly 15,000 radio stations operating (2008)
Internet country code	.tr	.us
Internet users	total: 46,838,412 percent of population: 58.3% (July 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 16	total: 246,809,221 percent of population: 76.2% (July 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 4

Transportation comparison between [Turkey] and [United States]

	Turkey	United States
National air transport system	number of registered air carriers: 15 inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 531 annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 96,604,665 annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 2,882.162 million mt-km (2015)	number of registered air carriers: 92 inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 6,817 annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 798.23 million annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 37.219 billion mt-km (2015)
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix	TC (2016)	N (2016)
Airports	98 (2013) country comparison to the world: 58	13,513 (2013) country comparison to the world: 1
Airports - with paved runways	total: 91 over 3,047 m: 16 2,438 to 3,047 m: 38 1,524 to 2,437 m: 17 914 to 1,523 m: 16 under 914 m: 4 (2013)	total: 5,054 over 3,047 m: 189 2,438 to 3,047 m: 235 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1,478 914 to 1,523 m: 2,249 under 914 m: 903 (2013)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 2 (2013)	total: 8,459 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 140 914 to 1,523 m: 1,552 under 914 m: 6,760 (2013)
Heliports	20 (2013)	5,287 (2013)
Pipelines	gas 12,603 km; oil 3,038 km (2016)	natural gas 1,984,321 km; petroleum products 240,711 km (2013)
Railways	total: 12,008 km standard gauge: 12,008 km 1.435-m gauge (3,216 km electrified) (2014) country comparison to the world: 21	total: 293,564.2 km standard gauge: 293,564.2 km 1.435-m gauge (2014) country comparison to the world: 1
Roadways	total: 385,754 km paved: 352,268 km (includes 2,127 km of expressways) unpaved: 33,486 km (2012) country comparison to the world: 19	total: 6,586,610 km paved: 4,304,715 km (includes 76,334 km of expressways) unpaved: 2,281,895 km (2012) country comparison to the world: 1
Waterways	1,200 km (2010) country comparison to the world: 59	41,009 km (19,312 km used for commerce; Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint Lawrence River of 3,058 km, is shared with Canada) (2012) country comparison to the world: 5
Merchant marine	total: 1,285 by type: bulk carrier 78, container ship 50, general cargo 432, oil tanker 121, other 604 (2017) country comparison to the world: 22	total: 3,611 by type: bulk carrier 5, container ship 61, general cargo 114, oil tanker 66, other 3,365 (2017) country comparison to the world: 5
Ports and terminals	major seaport(s): Aliaga, Ambarli, Diliskelesi, Eregli, Izmir, Kocaeli (Izmit), Mersin (Icel), Limani, Yarimca container port(s) (TEUs): Ambarli (3,062,000), Mersin (Icel) (1,428,000) (2015) LNG terminal(s) (import): Izmir Aliaga, Marmara Ereglisi	cargo ports: Baton Rouge, Corpus Christi, Hampton Roads, Houston, Long Beach, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York, Plaquemines (LA), Tampa, Texas City container port(s) (TEUs): Hampton Roads (2,549,000), Houston (2,131,000), Long Beach (7,192,000), Los Angeles (8,160,000), New York/New Jersey (6,372,000), Oakland (2,278,000), Savannah (3,737,000), Seattle (3,531,000) (2015) cruise departure ports (passengers): Miami (2,032,000), Port Everglades (1,277,000), Port Canaveral (1,189,000), Seattle (430,000), Long Beach (415,000) (2009) oil terminal(s): LOOP terminal, Haymark terminal LNG terminal(s) (import): Cove Point (MD), Elba Island (GA), Everett (MA), Freeport (TX), Golden Pass (TX), Hackberry (LA), Lake Charles (LA), Neptune (offshore), Northeast Gateway (offshore), Pascagoula (MS), Sabine Pass (TX) LNG terminal(s) (export): Kenai (AK)

Military comparison between [Turkey] and [United States]

	Turkey	United States
Military expenditures	1.73% of GDP (2016) 1.85% of GDP (2015) 1.9% of GDP (2014) 1.96% of GDP (2013) 2.05% of GDP (2012) country comparison to the world: 61	3.29% of GDP (2016) 3.3% of GDP (2015) 3.51% of GDP (2014) 3.83% of GDP (2013) 4.24% of GDP (2012) country comparison to the world: 25
Military branches	Turkish Armed Forces (TSK): Turkish Land Forces (Turk Kara Kuvvetleri), Turkish Naval Forces (Turk Deniz Kuvvetleri; includes naval air and naval infantry), Turkish Air Forces (Turk Hava Kuvvetleri) (2013)	United States Armed Forces: US Army, US Navy (includes Marine Corps), US Air Force, US Coast Guard; note - Coast Guard administered in peacetime by the Department of Homeland Security, but in wartime reports to the Department of the Navy (2017)
Military service age and obligation	21-41 years of age for male compulsory military service (in case of mobilization, up to 65 years of age); 18 years of age for voluntary service; 12-month conscript obligation for non-university graduates, 6-12 months for university graduates (graduates of higher education may perform 6 months of military service as short-term privates, or 12 months as reserve officers); conscripts are called to register at age 20, for service at 21; women serve in the Turkish Armed Forces only as officers; reserve obligation to age 41; Turkish citizens with a residence or work permit who have worked abroad for at least 3 years (1095 days) can be exempt from military service in exchange for 6,000 EUR or its equivalent in foreign currencies; a law passed in December 2014 introduced a one-time payment scheme which exempted Turkish citizens 27 and older from conscription in exchange for a payment of $8,150 (2013)	18 years of age (17 years of age with parental consent) for male and female voluntary service; no conscription; maximum enlistment age 42 (Army), 27 (Air Force), 34 (Navy), 28 (Marines); 8-year service obligation, including 2-5 years active duty (Army), 2 years active (Navy), 4 years active (Air Force, Marines); all military occupations and positions open to women (2016)
Military - note	the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) has actively pursued the goal of asserting civilian control over the military since first taking power in 2002; the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) role in internal security has been significantly reduced; the TSK leadership continues to be an influential institution within Turkey, but plays a much smaller role in politics; the Turkish military remains focused on the threats emanating from the Syrian civil war, Russia's actions in Ukraine, and the PKK insurgency; primary domestic threats are listed as fundamentalism (with the definition in some dispute with the civilian government), separatism (Kurdish discontent), and the extreme left wing; Ankara strongly opposed establishment of an autonomous Kurdish region in Iraq; an overhaul of the Turkish Land Forces Command (TLFC) taking place under the "Force 2014" program is to produce 20-30% smaller, more highly trained forces characterized by greater mobility and firepower and capable of joint and combined operations; the TLFC has taken on increasing international peacekeeping responsibilities including in Afghanistan; the Turkish Navy is a regional naval power that wants to develop the capability to project power beyond Turkey's coastal waters; the Navy is heavily involved in NATO, multinational, and UN operations; its roles include control of territorial waters and security for sea lines of communications; the Turkish Air Force adopted an "Aerospace and Missile Defense Concept" in 2002 and has initiated project work on an integrated missile defense system; Air Force priorities include attaining a modern deployable, survivable, and sustainable force structure, and establishing a sustainable command and control system; Turkey is a NATO ally and hosts NATO's Land Forces Command in Izmir, as well as the AN/TPY-2 radar as part of NATO Missile Defense (2014)	-

Transnational comparison between [Turkey] and [United States]

	Turkey	United States
Disputes - international	complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Greece in the Aegean Sea; status of north Cyprus question remains; Turkey has expressed concern over the status of Kurds in Iraq; in 2009, Swiss mediators facilitated an accord reestablishing diplomatic ties between Armenia and Turkey, but neither side has ratified the agreement and the rapprochement effort has faltered; Turkish authorities have complained that blasting from quarries in Armenia might be damaging the medieval ruins of Ani, on the other side of the Arpacay valley	the US has intensified domestic security measures and is collaborating closely with its neighbors, Canada and Mexico, to monitor and control legal and illegal personnel, transport, and commodities across the international borders; abundant rainfall in recent years along much of the Mexico-US border region has ameliorated periodically strained water-sharing arrangements; 1990 Maritime Boundary Agreement in the Bering Sea still awaits Russian Duma ratification; Canada and the United States dispute how to divide the Beaufort Sea and the status of the Northwest Passage but continue to work cooperatively to survey the Arctic continental shelf; The Bahamas and US have not been able to agree on a maritime boundary; US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased from Cuba and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the area can terminate the lease; Haiti claims US-administered Navassa Island; US has made no territorial claim in Antarctica (but has reserved the right to do so) and does not recognize the claims of any other states; Marshall Islands claims Wake Island; Tokelau included American Samoa's Swains Island among the islands listed in its 2006 draft constitution
Refugees and internally displaced persons	refugees (country of origin): 157,000 (Afghanistan); 152,000 (Iraq); 33,000 (Iran) (2017); 3,589,384 (Syria) (2018) IDPs: 1.113 million (displaced from 1984-2005 because of fighting between the Kurdish PKK and Turkish military; most IDPs are Kurds from eastern and southeastern provinces; no information available on persons displaced by development projects) (2017) stateless persons: 780 (2016)	refugees (country of origin): the US admitted 53,716 refugees during FY2017 including: 9,377 (Democratic Republic of the Congo); 6,886 (Iraq); 6,557 (Syria); 6,130 (Somalia); 5,078 (Burma); 3,550 (Bhutan); 2,577 (Iran) note: more than 46,000 Venezuelans have claimed asylum since 2014 because of the economic and political crisis (2017)
Illicit drugs	key transit route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe and, to a lesser extent, the US - via air, land, and sea routes; major Turkish and other international trafficking organizations operate out of Istanbul; laboratories to convert imported morphine base into heroin exist in remote regions of Turkey and near Istanbul; government maintains strict controls over areas of legal opium poppy cultivation and over output of poppy straw concentrate; lax enforcement of money-laundering controls	world's largest consumer of cocaine (shipped from Colombia through Mexico and the Caribbean), Colombian heroin, and Mexican heroin and marijuana; major consumer of ecstasy and Mexican methamphetamine; minor consumer of high-quality Southeast Asian heroin; illicit producer of cannabis, marijuana, depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, and methamphetamine; money-laundering center

Turkey

United States

Disputes - international

complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Greece in the Aegean Sea; status of north Cyprus question remains; Turkey has expressed concern over the status of Kurds in Iraq; in 2009, Swiss mediators facilitated an accord reestablishing diplomatic ties between Armenia and Turkey, but neither side has ratified the agreement and the rapprochement effort has faltered; Turkish authorities have complained that blasting from quarries in Armenia might be damaging the medieval ruins of Ani, on the other side of the Arpacay valley

the US has intensified domestic security measures and is collaborating closely with its neighbors, Canada and Mexico, to monitor and control legal and illegal personnel, transport, and commodities across the international borders; abundant rainfall in recent years along much of the Mexico-US border region has ameliorated periodically strained water-sharing arrangements; 1990 Maritime Boundary Agreement in the Bering Sea still awaits Russian Duma ratification; Canada and the United States dispute how to divide the Beaufort Sea and the status of the Northwest Passage but continue to work cooperatively to survey the Arctic continental shelf; The Bahamas and US have not been able to agree on a maritime boundary; US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased from Cuba and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the area can terminate the lease; Haiti claims US-administered Navassa Island; US has made no territorial claim in Antarctica (but has reserved the right to do so) and does not recognize the claims of any other states; Marshall Islands claims Wake Island; Tokelau included American Samoa's Swains Island among the islands listed in its 2006 draft constitution

Refugees and internally displaced persons

refugees (country of origin): 157,000 (Afghanistan); 152,000 (Iraq); 33,000 (Iran) (2017); 3,589,384 (Syria) (2018)

IDPs: 1.113 million (displaced from 1984-2005 because of fighting between the Kurdish PKK and Turkish military; most IDPs are Kurds from eastern and southeastern provinces; no information available on persons displaced by development projects) (2017)

stateless persons: 780 (2016)

refugees (country of origin): the US admitted 53,716 refugees during FY2017 including: 9,377 (Democratic Republic of the Congo); 6,886 (Iraq); 6,557 (Syria); 6,130 (Somalia); 5,078 (Burma); 3,550 (Bhutan); 2,577 (Iran)

note: more than 46,000 Venezuelans have claimed asylum since 2014 because of the economic and political crisis (2017)

Illicit drugs

key transit route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe and, to a lesser extent, the US - via air, land, and sea routes; major Turkish and other international trafficking organizations operate out of Istanbul; laboratories to convert imported morphine base into heroin exist in remote regions of Turkey and near Istanbul; government maintains strict controls over areas of legal opium poppy cultivation and over output of poppy straw concentrate; lax enforcement of money-laundering controls

world's largest consumer of cocaine (shipped from Colombia through Mexico and the Caribbean), Colombian heroin, and Mexican heroin and marijuana; major consumer of ecstasy and Mexican methamphetamine; minor consumer of high-quality Southeast Asian heroin; illicit producer of cannabis, marijuana, depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, and methamphetamine; money-laundering center

TRY to USD Historical Rates

year	by month
TRY to USD in 2023	TRY to USD in 2023-05 TRY to USD in 2023-04 TRY to USD in 2023-03 TRY to USD in 2023-02 TRY to USD in 2023-01
TRY to USD in 2022	TRY to USD in 2022-12 TRY to USD in 2022-11 TRY to USD in 2022-10 TRY to USD in 2022-09 TRY to USD in 2022-08 TRY to USD in 2022-07 TRY to USD in 2022-06 TRY to USD in 2022-05 TRY to USD in 2022-04 TRY to USD in 2022-03 TRY to USD in 2022-02 TRY to USD in 2022-01
TRY to USD in 2021	TRY to USD in 2021-12 TRY to USD in 2021-11 TRY to USD in 2021-10 TRY to USD in 2021-09 TRY to USD in 2021-08 TRY to USD in 2021-07 TRY to USD in 2021-06 TRY to USD in 2021-05 TRY to USD in 2021-04 TRY to USD in 2021-03 TRY to USD in 2021-02 TRY to USD in 2021-01
TRY to USD in 2020	TRY to USD in 2020-12 TRY to USD in 2020-11 TRY to USD in 2020-10 TRY to USD in 2020-09 TRY to USD in 2020-08 TRY to USD in 2020-07 TRY to USD in 2020-06 TRY to USD in 2020-05 TRY to USD in 2020-04 TRY to USD in 2020-03 TRY to USD in 2020-02 TRY to USD in 2020-01
TRY to USD in 2019	TRY to USD in 2019-12 TRY to USD in 2019-11 TRY to USD in 2019-10 TRY to USD in 2019-09 TRY to USD in 2019-08 TRY to USD in 2019-07 TRY to USD in 2019-06 TRY to USD in 2019-05 TRY to USD in 2019-04 TRY to USD in 2019-03 TRY to USD in 2019-02 TRY to USD in 2019-01
TRY to USD in 2018	TRY to USD in 2018-12 TRY to USD in 2018-11 TRY to USD in 2018-10 TRY to USD in 2018-09 TRY to USD in 2018-08 TRY to USD in 2018-07 TRY to USD in 2018-06 TRY to USD in 2018-05 TRY to USD in 2018-04 TRY to USD in 2018-03 TRY to USD in 2018-02 TRY to USD in 2018-01
TRY to USD in 2017	TRY to USD in 2017-12 TRY to USD in 2017-11 TRY to USD in 2017-10 TRY to USD in 2017-09 TRY to USD in 2017-08 TRY to USD in 2017-07 TRY to USD in 2017-06 TRY to USD in 2017-05 TRY to USD in 2017-04 TRY to USD in 2017-03 TRY to USD in 2017-02 TRY to USD in 2017-01
TRY to USD in 2016	TRY to USD in 2016-12 TRY to USD in 2016-11 TRY to USD in 2016-10 TRY to USD in 2016-09 TRY to USD in 2016-08 TRY to USD in 2016-07 TRY to USD in 2016-06 TRY to USD in 2016-05 TRY to USD in 2016-04 TRY to USD in 2016-03 TRY to USD in 2016-02 TRY to USD in 2016-01
TRY to USD in 2015	TRY to USD in 2015-12 TRY to USD in 2015-11 TRY to USD in 2015-10 TRY to USD in 2015-09 TRY to USD in 2015-08 TRY to USD in 2015-07 TRY to USD in 2015-06 TRY to USD in 2015-05 TRY to USD in 2015-04 TRY to USD in 2015-03 TRY to USD in 2015-02 TRY to USD in 2015-01
TRY to USD in 2014	TRY to USD in 2014-12 TRY to USD in 2014-11 TRY to USD in 2014-10 TRY to USD in 2014-09 TRY to USD in 2014-08 TRY to USD in 2014-07 TRY to USD in 2014-06 TRY to USD in 2014-05 TRY to USD in 2014-04 TRY to USD in 2014-03 TRY to USD in 2014-02 TRY to USD in 2014-01
TRY to USD in 2013	TRY to USD in 2013-12 TRY to USD in 2013-11 TRY to USD in 2013-10 TRY to USD in 2013-09 TRY to USD in 2013-08 TRY to USD in 2013-07 TRY to USD in 2013-06 TRY to USD in 2013-05 TRY to USD in 2013-04 TRY to USD in 2013-03 TRY to USD in 2013-02 TRY to USD in 2013-01
TRY to USD in 2012	TRY to USD in 2012-12 TRY to USD in 2012-11 TRY to USD in 2012-10 TRY to USD in 2012-09 TRY to USD in 2012-08 TRY to USD in 2012-07 TRY to USD in 2012-06 TRY to USD in 2012-05 TRY to USD in 2012-04 TRY to USD in 2012-03 TRY to USD in 2012-02 TRY to USD in 2012-01
TRY to USD in 2011	TRY to USD in 2011-12 TRY to USD in 2011-11 TRY to USD in 2011-10 TRY to USD in 2011-09 TRY to USD in 2011-08 TRY to USD in 2011-07 TRY to USD in 2011-06 TRY to USD in 2011-05 TRY to USD in 2011-04 TRY to USD in 2011-03 TRY to USD in 2011-02 TRY to USD in 2011-01
TRY to USD in 2010	TRY to USD in 2010-12 TRY to USD in 2010-11 TRY to USD in 2010-10 TRY to USD in 2010-09 TRY to USD in 2010-08 TRY to USD in 2010-07 TRY to USD in 2010-06 TRY to USD in 2010-05 TRY to USD in 2010-04 TRY to USD in 2010-03 TRY to USD in 2010-02 TRY to USD in 2010-01
TRY to USD in 2009	TRY to USD in 2009-12 TRY to USD in 2009-11 TRY to USD in 2009-10 TRY to USD in 2009-09 TRY to USD in 2009-08 TRY to USD in 2009-07 TRY to USD in 2009-06 TRY to USD in 2009-05 TRY to USD in 2009-04 TRY to USD in 2009-03 TRY to USD in 2009-02 TRY to USD in 2009-01
TRY to USD in 2008	TRY to USD in 2008-12 TRY to USD in 2008-11 TRY to USD in 2008-10 TRY to USD in 2008-09 TRY to USD in 2008-08 TRY to USD in 2008-07 TRY to USD in 2008-06 TRY to USD in 2008-05 TRY to USD in 2008-04 TRY to USD in 2008-03 TRY to USD in 2008-02 TRY to USD in 2008-01
TRY to USD in 2007	TRY to USD in 2007-12 TRY to USD in 2007-11 TRY to USD in 2007-10 TRY to USD in 2007-09 TRY to USD in 2007-08 TRY to USD in 2007-07 TRY to USD in 2007-06 TRY to USD in 2007-05 TRY to USD in 2007-04 TRY to USD in 2007-03 TRY to USD in 2007-02 TRY to USD in 2007-01
TRY to USD in 2006	TRY to USD in 2006-12 TRY to USD in 2006-11 TRY to USD in 2006-10 TRY to USD in 2006-09 TRY to USD in 2006-08 TRY to USD in 2006-07 TRY to USD in 2006-06 TRY to USD in 2006-05 TRY to USD in 2006-04 TRY to USD in 2006-03 TRY to USD in 2006-02 TRY to USD in 2006-01
TRY to USD in 2005	TRY to USD in 2005-12 TRY to USD in 2005-11 TRY to USD in 2005-10 TRY to USD in 2005-09 TRY to USD in 2005-08 TRY to USD in 2005-07 TRY to USD in 2005-06 TRY to USD in 2005-05 TRY to USD in 2005-04 TRY to USD in 2005-03 TRY to USD in 2005-02 TRY to USD in 2005-01
TRY to USD in 2004	TRY to USD in 2004-12 TRY to USD in 2004-11 TRY to USD in 2004-10 TRY to USD in 2004-09 TRY to USD in 2004-08 TRY to USD in 2004-07 TRY to USD in 2004-06 TRY to USD in 2004-05 TRY to USD in 2004-04 TRY to USD in 2004-03 TRY to USD in 2004-02 TRY to USD in 2004-01
TRY to USD in 2003	TRY to USD in 2003-12 TRY to USD in 2003-11 TRY to USD in 2003-10 TRY to USD in 2003-09 TRY to USD in 2003-08 TRY to USD in 2003-07 TRY to USD in 2003-06 TRY to USD in 2003-05 TRY to USD in 2003-04 TRY to USD in 2003-03 TRY to USD in 2003-02 TRY to USD in 2003-01
TRY to USD in 2002	TRY to USD in 2002-12 TRY to USD in 2002-11 TRY to USD in 2002-10 TRY to USD in 2002-09 TRY to USD in 2002-08 TRY to USD in 2002-07 TRY to USD in 2002-06 TRY to USD in 2002-05 TRY to USD in 2002-04 TRY to USD in 2002-03 TRY to USD in 2002-02 TRY to USD in 2002-01
TRY to USD in 2001	TRY to USD in 2001-12 TRY to USD in 2001-11 TRY to USD in 2001-10 TRY to USD in 2001-09 TRY to USD in 2001-08 TRY to USD in 2001-07 TRY to USD in 2001-06 TRY to USD in 2001-05 TRY to USD in 2001-04 TRY to USD in 2001-03 TRY to USD in 2001-02 TRY to USD in 2001-01
TRY to USD in 2000	TRY to USD in 2000-12 TRY to USD in 2000-11 TRY to USD in 2000-10 TRY to USD in 2000-09 TRY to USD in 2000-08 TRY to USD in 2000-07 TRY to USD in 2000-06 TRY to USD in 2000-05 TRY to USD in 2000-04 TRY to USD in 2000-03 TRY to USD in 2000-02 TRY to USD in 2000-01

All TRY Exchange Rates Now

Exchange	Rate	Exchange	Rate	Exchange	Rate
TRY to AED rate	0.18377 ▼	TRY to ALL rate	5.16614 ▼	TRY to ANG rate	0.09041 ▲
TRY to ARS rate	11.82893 ▲	TRY to AUD rate	0.07673 ▼	TRY to AWG rate	0.09026 ▲
TRY to BBD rate	0.10014	TRY to BDT rate	5.37858 ▲	TRY to BGN rate	0.09129 ▲
TRY to BHD rate	0.01888 ▲	TRY to BIF rate	141.46932 ▲	TRY to BMD rate	0.05007
TRY to BND rate	0.06779 ▲	TRY to BOB rate	0.34667 ▲	TRY to BRL rate	0.25008 ▲
TRY to BSD rate	0.05007	TRY to BTN rate	4.14412 ▲	TRY to BZD rate	0.10112 ▲
TRY to CAD rate	0.06815 ▼	TRY to CHF rate	0.04535 ▼	TRY to CLP rate	39.9851 ▼
TRY to CNY rate	0.35409 ▲	TRY to COP rate	225.55899 ▲	TRY to CRC rate	26.9396 ▲
TRY to CZK rate	1.10555 ▲	TRY to DKK rate	0.34787 ▲	TRY to DOP rate	2.74438 ▲
TRY to DZD rate	6.84639 ▲	TRY to EGP rate	1.54769 ▲	TRY to ETB rate	2.7386 ▲
TRY to EUR rate	0.0467 ▲	TRY to FJD rate	0.11279 ▲	TRY to GBP rate	0.04056 ▲
TRY to GMD rate	2.9843 ▲	TRY to GNF rate	431.26833 ▼	TRY to GTQ rate	0.39153 ▲
TRY to HKD rate	0.39223 ▲	TRY to HNL rate	1.23361 ▼	TRY to HRK rate	0.35185 ▲
TRY to HTG rate	7.0986 ▲	TRY to HUF rate	17.32847 ▼	TRY to IDR rate	748.81347 ▼
TRY to ILS rate	0.18749 ▲	TRY to INR rate	4.13471 ▲	TRY to IQD rate	65.71941 ▲
TRY to IRR rate	2118.05106 ▲	TRY to ISK rate	6.97304 ▲	TRY to JMD rate	7.77606 ▲
TRY to JOD rate	0.03553 ▲	TRY to JPY rate	7.05226 ▲	TRY to KES rate	6.92748 ▲
TRY to KMF rate	23.00563 ▲	TRY to KRW rate	66.26708 ▲	TRY to KWD rate	0.01541 ▲
TRY to KYD rate	0.04181 ▲	TRY to KZT rate	22.30289 ▲	TRY to LBP rate	753.01324 ▼
TRY to LKR rate	14.92415 ▼	TRY to LSL rate	0.9832 ▲	TRY to MAD rate	0.50987 ▼
TRY to MDL rate	0.89356 ▲	TRY to MKD rate	2.87651 ▲	TRY to MNT rate	176.20382 ▲
TRY to MOP rate	0.40488 ▲	TRY to MUR rate	2.28079 ▲	TRY to MVR rate	0.7661 ▼
TRY to MWK rate	51.49329 ▲	TRY to MXN rate	0.88246 ▼	TRY to MYR rate	0.23038 ▲
TRY to NAD rate	0.98392 ▼	TRY to NGN rate	23.07073 ▼	TRY to NIO rate	1.83488 ▲
TRY to NOK rate	0.55495 ▼	TRY to NPR rate	6.63059 ▲	TRY to NZD rate	0.08276 ▼
TRY to OMR rate	0.01928 ▲	TRY to PAB rate	0.05007	TRY to PEN rate	0.18499 ▲
TRY to PGK rate	0.17803 ▲	TRY to PHP rate	2.80028 ▲	TRY to PKR rate	14.30297 ▲
TRY to PLN rate	0.21138 ▼	TRY to PYG rate	361.79164 ▲	TRY to QAR rate	0.18243 ▲
TRY to RON rate	0.23164 ▲	TRY to RUB rate	3.9557 ▼	TRY to RWF rate	56.46562 ▼
TRY to SAR rate	0.1878 ▲	TRY to SBD rate	0.4173 ▲	TRY to SCR rate	0.66548 ▼
TRY to SEK rate	0.54092 ▼	TRY to SGD rate	0.06775 ▲	TRY to SLL rate	884.52416 ▲
TRY to SVC rate	0.43897 ▲	TRY to SZL rate	0.98192 ▲	TRY to THB rate	1.74101 ▲
TRY to TND rate	0.15507 ▲	TRY to TOP rate	0.11924 ▲	TRY to TTD rate	0.3405 ▲
TRY to TWD rate	1.53721 ▲	TRY to TZS rate	118.64621 ▲	TRY to UAH rate	1.85277 ▲
TRY to UGX rate	187.03705 ▲	TRY to USD rate	0.05007	TRY to UYU rate	1.94262 ▼
TRY to VUV rate	5.95753 ▲	TRY to WST rate	0.13647 ▲	TRY to XAF rate	30.63401 ▲
TRY to XCD rate	0.13532 ▲	TRY to XOF rate	30.63401 ▲	TRY to XPF rate	5.57294 ▲
TRY to YER rate	12.53556 ▲	TRY to ZAR rate	0.98396 ▼

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Economic indicators of Turkey and United States

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Comparison between Turkey and United States

Background comparison between [Turkey] and [United States]

Geography comparison between [Turkey] and [United States]

People comparison between [Turkey] and [United States]

Government comparison between [Turkey] and [United States]

Economy comparison between [Turkey] and [United States]

Energy comparison between [Turkey] and [United States]

Communications comparison between [Turkey] and [United States]

Transportation comparison between [Turkey] and [United States]

Military comparison between [Turkey] and [United States]

Transnational comparison between [Turkey] and [United States]

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