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TRY to SGD Live Rate

Last updated May, 28 17:54 (GMT -4:00)

1 TRY = 0.0676 SGD

Prev. Close: 0.0677 Day's Range: 0.0676 - 0.0677

₺

TRY

SGD

TRY Popular Exchange Rates(today)

Exchange	Rate	Last day
TRY to GBP rate	0.04045 ▼	0.0405
TRY to EUR rate	0.04658 ▼	0.0466
TRY to AUD rate	0.0766 ▼	0.0766
TRY to CAD rate	0.06799 ▼	0.0681
TRY to USD rate	0.04995 ▼	0.05
TRY to NZD rate	0.08256 ▼	0.0827
TRY to DKK rate	0.34692 ▼	0.3474
TRY to AED rate	0.18344 ▼	0.1818
TRY to NOK rate	0.55329 ▼	0.554
TRY to SEK rate	0.5394 ▼	0.5381
TRY to CHF rate	0.04523 ▼	0.0452
TRY to JPY rate	7.02352 ▼	7.022
TRY to HKD rate	0.39136 ▼	0.3922
TRY to MXN rate	0.88073 ▼	0.8939
TRY to SGD rate	0.06759 ▼	0.0676
TRY to ZAR rate	0.9816 ▼	0.9816

Economic indicators of Turkey and Singapore

Indicator	Turkey	Singapore
Real GDP	-	129,358 Mil. Ch. 2015 SGD, NSA, Quarterly; 2023 Q1
Real Private Consumption	-	47,358 Mil. Ch. 2015 SGD, NSA, Quarterly; 2022 Q4
Private Consumption	-	50,704 Mil. SGD, NSA, Quarterly; 2022 Q4
Nominal GDP	-	160,720 Mil. SGD, NSA, Quarterly; 2022 Q4
Investment	-	123,614,700,000 SGD, Annual; 2021
Producer Price Index (PPI)	-	107.87 Index 2018=100, NSA, Monthly; Mar 2023
Consumer Price Index (CPI)	-	112.58 Index 2019=100, NSA, Monthly; Mar 2023
Unemployment Rate	-	2 %, SA, Quarterly; 2022 Q4
Exports of Goods	-	184,495 Mil. SGD, NSA, Quarterly; 2022 Q4
Imports of Goods	-	142,788 Mil. SGD, NSA, Quarterly; 2022 Q4
Net Exports	-	53,786 Mil. SGD, NSA, Quarterly; 2022 Q4
Lending Rate	-	5.25 % p.a., NSA, Monthly; Jun 2021
House Price Index	-	194.8 Index 2009Q1=100, NSA, Quarterly; 2023 Q1
Retail Sales	-	97.94 Index 2017=100, SA, Monthly; Mar 2023

TRY to SGD Historical Rates(table)

Date	Open	Highest	Lowest	Close
TRY to SGD (2023-05-28)	0.0676	0.0677	0.0677	0.0676
TRY to SGD (2023-05-26)	0.0677	0.0678	0.0679	0.0662
TRY to SGD (2023-05-25)	0.0678	0.0678	0.0681	0.0676
TRY to SGD (2023-05-24)	0.0678	0.0678	0.0679	0.0677
TRY to SGD (2023-05-23)	0.0678	0.0678	0.0680	0.0663
TRY to SGD (2023-05-22)	0.0678	0.0678	0.0679	0.0672
TRY to SGD (2023-05-21)	0.0678	0.0679	0.0680	0.0678
TRY to SGD (2023-05-19)	0.0679	0.0680	0.0681	0.0678
TRY to SGD (2023-05-18)	0.0680	0.0679	0.0686	0.0678
TRY to SGD (2023-05-17)	0.0679	0.0679	0.0683	0.0678
TRY to SGD (2023-05-16)	0.0679	0.0679	0.0680	0.0676
TRY to SGD (2023-05-15)	0.0679	0.0682	0.0685	0.0672
TRY to SGD (2023-05-14)	0.0682	0.0682	0.0690	0.0681
TRY to SGD (2023-05-12)	0.0684	0.0681	0.0686	0.0678
TRY to SGD (2023-05-11)	0.0680	0.0678	0.0681	0.0669
TRY to SGD (2023-05-10)	0.0678	0.0680	0.0680	0.0677
TRY to SGD (2023-05-09)	0.0680	0.0679	0.0681	0.0679
TRY to SGD (2023-05-08)	0.0679	0.0680	0.0680	0.0677
TRY to SGD (2023-05-07)	0.0680	0.0679	0.0681	0.0679
TRY to SGD (2023-05-05)	0.0679	0.0681	0.0681	0.0679
TRY to SGD (2023-05-04)	0.0681	0.0683	0.0683	0.0681
TRY to SGD (2023-05-03)	0.0683	0.0685	0.0685	0.0681
TRY to SGD (2023-05-02)	0.0685	0.0687	0.0687	0.0685
TRY to SGD (2023-05-01)	0.0687	0.0686	0.0687	0.0684
TRY to SGD (2023-04-30)	0.0686	0.0686	0.0686	0.0685
TRY to SGD (2023-04-28)	0.0686	0.0687	0.0688	0.0685

TRY to SGD Handy Conversion

1 TRY = 0.068 SGD

2 TRY = 0.135 SGD

3 TRY = 0.203 SGD

4 TRY = 0.27 SGD

5 TRY = 0.338 SGD

6 TRY = 0.406 SGD

7 TRY = 0.473 SGD

8 TRY = 0.541 SGD

9 TRY = 0.608 SGD

10 TRY = 0.676 SGD

15 TRY = 1.014 SGD

20 TRY = 1.352 SGD

25 TRY = 1.69 SGD

50 TRY = 3.38 SGD

100 TRY = 6.76 SGD

200 TRY = 13.52 SGD

250 TRY = 16.9 SGD

500 TRY = 33.8 SGD

750 TRY = 50.7 SGD

1000 TRY = 67.6 SGD

1500 TRY = 101.4 SGD

2000 TRY = 135.2 SGD

5000 TRY = 338 SGD

10000 TRY = 676 SGD

Comparison between Turkey and Singapore

Background comparison between [Turkey] and [Singapore]

Turkey	Singapore
Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk or "Father of the Turks." Under his leadership, the country adopted radical social, legal, and political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950 election victory of the opposition Democrat Party and the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, but democracy has been fractured by periods of instability and military coups (1960, 1971, 1980), which in each case eventually resulted in a return of formal political power to civilians. In 1997, the military again helped engineer the ouster - popularly dubbed a "post-modern coup" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. A coup attempt was made in July 2016 by a faction of the Turkish Armed Forces. Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist insurgency begun in 1984 by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), a US-designated terrorist organization, has long dominated the attention of Turkish security forces and claimed more than 40,000 lives. In 2013, the Turkish Government and the PKK conducted negotiations aimed at ending the violence, however intense fighting resumed in 2015. Turkey joined the UN in 1945 and in 1952 it became a member of NATO. In 1963, Turkey became an associate member of the European Community; it began accession talks with the EU in 2005. Over the past decade, economic reforms, coupled with some political reforms, have contributed to a growing economy, although economic growth slowed in recent years. From 2015 and continuing through 2016, Turkey witnessed an uptick in terrorist violence, including major attacks in Ankara, Istanbul, and throughout the predominantly Kurdish southeastern region of Turkey. On 15 July 2016, elements of the Turkish Armed forces attempted a coup that ultimately failed following widespread popular resistance. More than 240 people were killed and over 2,000 injured when Turkish citizens took to the streets en masse to confront the coup forces. In response, Turkish Government authorities arrested, suspended, or dismissed more than 100,000 security personnel, journalists, judges, academics, and civil servants due to their alleged connection with the attempted coup. The government accused followers of an Islamic transnational religious and social movement for allegedly instigating the failed coup and designates the followers as terrorists. Following the failed coup, the Turkish Government instituted a State of Emergency in July 2016 that has been extended to July 2017. The Turkish Government conducted a referendum on 16 April 2017 that will, when implemented, change Turkey from a parliamentary to a presidential system.	A Malay trading port known as Temasek existed on the island of Singapore by the 14th century. The settlement changed hands several times in the ensuing centuries and was eventually burned in the 17th century and fell into obscurity. The British founded Singapore as a trading colony on the site in 1819. It joined the Malaysian Federation in 1963 but was ousted two years later and became independent. Singapore subsequently became one of the world's most prosperous countries with strong international trading links (its port is one of the world's busiest in terms of tonnage handled) and with per capita GDP equal to that of the leading nations of Western Europe.

Turkey

Singapore

Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk or "Father of the Turks." Under his leadership, the country adopted radical social, legal, and political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950 election victory of the opposition Democrat Party and the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, but democracy has been fractured by periods of instability and military coups (1960, 1971, 1980), which in each case eventually resulted in a return of formal political power to civilians. In 1997, the military again helped engineer the ouster - popularly dubbed a "post-modern coup" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. A coup attempt was made in July 2016 by a faction of the Turkish Armed Forces.

Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist insurgency begun in 1984 by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), a US-designated terrorist organization, has long dominated the attention of Turkish security forces and claimed more than 40,000 lives. In 2013, the Turkish Government and the PKK conducted negotiations aimed at ending the violence, however intense fighting resumed in 2015. Turkey joined the UN in 1945 and in 1952 it became a member of NATO. In 1963, Turkey became an associate member of the European Community; it began accession talks with the EU in 2005. Over the past decade, economic reforms, coupled with some political reforms, have contributed to a growing economy, although economic growth slowed in recent years.

From 2015 and continuing through 2016, Turkey witnessed an uptick in terrorist violence, including major attacks in Ankara, Istanbul, and throughout the predominantly Kurdish southeastern region of Turkey. On 15 July 2016, elements of the Turkish Armed forces attempted a coup that ultimately failed following widespread popular resistance. More than 240 people were killed and over 2,000 injured when Turkish citizens took to the streets en masse to confront the coup forces. In response, Turkish Government authorities arrested, suspended, or dismissed more than 100,000 security personnel, journalists, judges, academics, and civil servants due to their alleged connection with the attempted coup. The government accused followers of an Islamic transnational religious and social movement for allegedly instigating the failed coup and designates the followers as terrorists. Following the failed coup, the Turkish Government instituted a State of Emergency in July 2016 that has been extended to July 2017. The Turkish Government conducted a referendum on 16 April 2017 that will, when implemented, change Turkey from a parliamentary to a presidential system.

A Malay trading port known as Temasek existed on the island of Singapore by the 14th century. The settlement changed hands several times in the ensuing centuries and was eventually burned in the 17th century and fell into obscurity. The British founded Singapore as a trading colony on the site in 1819. It joined the Malaysian Federation in 1963 but was ousted two years later and became independent. Singapore subsequently became one of the world's most prosperous countries with strong international trading links (its port is one of the world's busiest in terms of tonnage handled) and with per capita GDP equal to that of the leading nations of Western Europe.

Geography comparison between [Turkey] and [Singapore]

	Turkey	Singapore
Location	Southeastern Europe and Southwestern Asia (that portion of Turkey west of the Bosporus is geographically part of Europe), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria	Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia
Geographic coordinates	39 00 N, 35 00 E	1 22 N, 103 48 E
Map references	Middle East	Southeast Asia
Area	total: 783,562 sq km land: 769,632 sq km water: 13,930 sq km country comparison to the world: 38	total: 719.2 sq km land: 709.2 sq km water: 10 sq km country comparison to the world: 192
Land boundaries	total: 2,816 km border countries (8): Armenia 311 km, Azerbaijan 17 km, Bulgaria 223 km, Georgia 273 km, Greece 192 km, Iran 534 km, Iraq 367 km, Syria 899 km	0 km
Coastline	7,200 km	193 km
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 6 nm in the Aegean Sea; 12 nm in Black Sea and in Mediterranean Sea exclusive economic zone: in Black Sea only: to the maritime boundary agreed upon with the former USSR	territorial sea: 3 nm exclusive fishing zone: within and beyond territorial sea, as defined in treaties and practice
Climate	temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior	tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - northeastern monsoon (December to March) and southwestern monsoon (June to September); inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms
Terrain	high central plateau (Anatolia); narrow coastal plain; several mountain ranges	lowlying, gently undulating central plateau
Elevation	mean elevation: 1,132 m elevation extremes: lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Ararat 5,137 m	mean elevation: NA elevation extremes: lowest point: Singapore Strait 0 m highest point: Bukit Timah 166 m
Natural resources	coal, iron ore, copper, chromium, antimony, mercury, gold, barite, borate, celestite (strontium), emery, feldspar, limestone, magnesite, marble, perlite, pumice, pyrites (sulfur), clay, arable land, hydropower	fish, deepwater ports
Land use	agricultural land: 49.7% arable land 26.7%; permanent crops 4%; permanent pasture 19% forest: 14.9% other: 35.4% (2011 est.)	agricultural land: 1% arable land 0.9%; permanent crops 0.1%; permanent pasture 0% forest: 3.3% other: 95.7% (2011 est.)
Irrigated land	52,150 sq km (2012)	0 sq km (2012)
Population - distribution	the most densely populated area is found around the Bosporus in the northwest where 20% of the population lives in Istanbul; with the exception of Ankara, urban centers remain small and scattered throughout the interior of Anatolia; an overall pattern of peripheral development exists, particularly along the Aegean Sea coast in the west, and the Tigris and Euphrates River systems in the southeast	most of the urbanization is along the southern coast, with relatively dense population clusters found in the central areas
Natural hazards	severe earthquakes, especially in northern Turkey, along an arc extending from the Sea of Marmara to Lake Van; landslides; flooding volcanism: limited volcanic activity; its three historically active volcanoes; Ararat, Nemrut Dagi, and Tendurek Dagi have not erupted since the 19th century or earlier	flash floods
Environment - current issues	water pollution from dumping of chemicals and detergents; air pollution, particularly in urban areas; deforestation; concern for oil spills from increasing Bosporus ship traffic	industrial pollution; limited natural freshwater resources; limited land availability presents waste disposal problems; seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia
Environment - international agreements	party to: Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note	strategic location controlling the Turkish Straits (Bosporus, Sea of Marmara, Dardanelles) that link the Black and Aegean Seas; the 3% of Turkish territory north of the Straits lies in Europe and goes by the names of European Turkey, Eastern Thrace, or Turkish Thrace; the 97% of the country in Asia is referred to as Anatolia; Mount Ararat, the legendary landing place of Noah's ark, is in the far eastern portion of the country	focal point for Southeast Asian sea routes; consists of about 60 islands, by far the largest of which is Pulau Ujong; land reclamation has removed many former islands and created a number of new ones
Area - comparative	-	slightly more than 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC

People comparison between [Turkey] and [Singapore]

	Turkey	Singapore
Population	80,845,215 (July 2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 18	5,888,926 (July 2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 113
Nationality	noun: Turk(s) adjective: Turkish	noun: Singaporean(s) adjective: Singapore
Ethnic groups	Turkish 70-75%, Kurdish 19%, other minorities 7-12% (2016 est.)	Chinese 74.3%, Malay 13.4%, Indian 9%, other 3.2% note: individuals self-identify; the population is divided into four categories: Chinese, Malay (includes Malays and Indonesians), Indian (includes Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, or Sri Lankan), and other ethnic groups (includes Eurasians, Caucasians, Japanese, Filipino, Vietnamese (2017 est.)
Languages	Turkish (official), Kurdish, other minority languages	English (official) 36.9%, Mandarin (official) 34.9%, other Chinese dialects (includes Hokkien, Cantonese, Teochew) 12.2%, Malay (official) 10.7%, Tamil (official) 3.3%, other 2% note:: data represent language most frequently spoken at home (2015 est.)
Religions	Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni), other 0.2% (mostly Christians and Jews)	Buddhist 33.2%, Christian 18.8%, Muslim 14%, Taoist 10%, Hindu 5%, other 0.6%, none 18.5% (2015 est.)
Dependency ratios	total dependency ratio: 50.1 youth dependency ratio: 38.4 elderly dependency ratio: 11.7 potential support ratio: 8.5 (2015 est.)	total dependency ratio: 37.3 youth dependency ratio: 21.3 elderly dependency ratio: 16 potential support ratio: 6.2 (2015 est.)
Median age	total: 30.9 years male: 30.5 years female: 31.4 years (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 110	total: 34.6 years male: 34.5 years female: 34.7 years (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 84
Population growth rate	0.52% (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 153	1.82% (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 57
Birth rate	15.7 births/1,000 population (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 119	8.6 births/1,000 population (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 214
Death rate	6 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 165	3.5 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 217
Net migration rate	-4.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 185	13.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 5
Population distribution	the most densely populated area is found around the Bosporus in the northwest where 20% of the population lives in Istanbul; with the exception of Ankara, urban centers remain small and scattered throughout the interior of Anatolia; an overall pattern of peripheral development exists, particularly along the Aegean Sea coast in the west, and the Tigris and Euphrates River systems in the southeast	most of the urbanization is along the southern coast, with relatively dense population clusters found in the central areas
Urbanization	urban population: 74.4% of total population (2017) rate of urbanization: 1.54% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)	urban population: 100% of total population (2017) rate of urbanization: 1.5% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)
Major urban areas - population	Istanbul 14.164 million; ANKARA (capital) 4.75 million; Izmir 3.04 million; Bursa 1.923 million; Adana 1.83 million; Gaziantep 1.528 million (2015)	SINGAPORE (capital) 5.619 million (2015)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2017 est.)	at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth	22.3 years (2010 est.)	30.5 years median age (2015 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio	16 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 134	10 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 148
Infant mortality rate	total: 17.6 deaths/1,000 live births male: 18.8 deaths/1,000 live births female: 16.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 91	total: 2.4 deaths/1,000 live births male: 2.6 deaths/1,000 live births female: 2.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 222
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 75 years male: 72.7 years female: 77.5 years (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 113	total population: 85.2 years male: 82.6 years female: 88.1 years (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 3
Total fertility rate	2.01 children born/woman (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 118	0.83 children born/woman (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 224
Contraceptive prevalence rate	73.5% (2013)	-
Health expenditures	5.4% of GDP (2014) country comparison to the world: 131	4.9% of GDP (2014) country comparison to the world: 144
Physicians density	1.75 physicians/1,000 population (2014)	2.28 physicians/1,000 population (2016)
Hospital bed density	2.7 beds/1,000 population (2013)	2.4 beds/1,000 population (2015)
Drinking water source	improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2015 est.)	improved: urban: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2015 est.)
Sanitation facility access	improved: urban: 98.3% of population rural: 85.5% of population total: 94.9% of population unimproved: urban: 1.7% of population rural: 14.5% of population total: 5.1% of population (2015 est.)	improved: urban: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2015 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate	NA	NA
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS	NA	NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths	NA	NA
Obesity - adult prevalence rate	32.1% (2016) country comparison to the world: 17	6.1% (2016) country comparison to the world: 170
Children under the age of 5 years underweight	1.9% (2013) country comparison to the world: 123	-
Education expenditures	4.4% of GDP (2014) country comparison to the world: 142	2.9% of GDP (2013) country comparison to the world: 140
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 95.6% male: 98.6% female: 92.6% (2015 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97% male: 98.7% female: 98.2% (2016 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)	total: 16 years male: 17 years female: 16 years (2013)	total: 13 years male: 13 years female: 13 years (2009)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24	total: 18.5% male: 16.5% female: 22.2% (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 72	total: 6.6% male: 5.6% female: 7.7% (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 142
Major infectious diseases	-	note: active local transmission of Zika virus by Aedes species mosquitoes has been identified in this country (as of August 2016); it poses an important risk (a large number of cases possible) among US citizens if bitten by an infective mosquito; other less common ways to get Zika are through sex, via blood transfusion, or during pregnancy, in which the pregnant woman passes Zika virus to her fetus (2016)

Government comparison between [Turkey] and [Singapore]

	Turkey	Singapore
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Turkey conventional short form: Turkey local long form: Turkiye Cumhuriyeti local short form: Turkiye etymology: the name means "Land of the Turks"	conventional long form: Republic of Singapore conventional short form: Singapore local long form: Republic of Singapore local short form: Singapore etymology: name derives from the Sanskrit words "singa" (lion) and "pura" (city) to describe the city-state's leonine symbol
Government type	parliamentary republic	parliamentary republic
Capital	name: Ankara geographic coordinates: 39 56 N, 32 52 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)	name: Singapore geographic coordinates: 1 17 N, 103 51 E time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Administrative divisions	81 provinces (iller, singular - ili); Adana, Adiyaman, Afyonkarahisar, Agri, Aksaray, Amasya, Ankara, Antalya, Ardahan, Artvin, Aydin, Balikesir, Bartin, Batman, Bayburt, Bilecik, Bingol, Bitlis, Bolu, Burdur, Bursa, Canakkale, Cankiri, Corum, Denizli, Diyarbakir, Duzce, Edirne, Elazig, Erzincan, Erzurum, Eskisehir, Gaziantep, Giresun, Gumushane, Hakkari, Hatay, Igdir, Isparta, Istanbul, Izmir (Smyrna), Kahramanmaras, Karabuk, Karaman, Kars, Kastamonu, Kayseri, Kilis, Kirikkale, Kirklareli, Kirsehir, Kocaeli, Konya, Kutahya, Malatya, Manisa, Mardin, Mersin, Mugla, Mus, Nevsehir, Nigde, Ordu, Osmaniye, Rize, Sakarya, Samsun, Sanliurfa, Siirt, Sinop, Sirnak, Sivas, Tekirdag, Tokat, Trabzon (Trebizond), Tunceli, Usak, Van, Yalova, Yozgat, Zonguldak	none
Independence	29 October 1923 (republic proclaimed succeeding the Ottoman Empire)	9 August 1965 (from Malaysian Federation)
National holiday	Republic Day, 29 October (1923)	National Day, 9 August (1965)
Constitution	history: several previous; latest ratified 9 November 1982 amendments: proposed by written consent of at least one-third of Grand National Assembly (GNA) members; adoption of draft amendments requires two debates in plenary GNA session and three-fifths majority vote of all GNA members; the president of the republic can request GNA reconsideration of the amendment and, if readopted by two-thirds majority GNA vote, the president may submit the amendment to a referendum; passage by referendum requires absolute majority vote; amended several times, last in 2017 (2018)	history: several previous; latest adopted 22 December 1965 amendments: proposed by Parliament; passage requires two-thirds majority vote in the second and third readings by the elected Parliament membership and assent by the president of the republic; passage of amendments affecting constitutional articles on fundamental liberties, the president, or constitutional amendment procedures also requires at least two-thirds majority vote in a referendum; amended many times, last in 2016 (2017)
Legal system	civil law system based on various European legal systems, notably the Swiss civil code	English common law
International law organization participation	has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt	has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Citizenship	citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Turkey dual citizenship recognized: yes, but requires prior permission from the government residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years	citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Singapore dual citizenship recognized: no residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	21 years of age; universal and compulsory
Executive branch	chief of state: President Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (since 10 August 2014) head of government: Prime Minister Binali YILDIRIM (since 22 May 2016); Deputy Prime Ministers Recep AKDAG (since 20 July 2017), Bekir BOZDAG (since 20 July 2017), Hakan CAVUSOGLU (since 20 July 2017), Fikri ISIK (since 20 July 2017), Mehmet SIMSEK (since 24 November 2015) cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president (until the next parliamentary or presidential election following the April 2017 referendum) elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president from among members of parliament; note - a 2007 constitutional amendment changed the presidential electoral process to direct popular vote; prime minister appointed by the president from among members of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey; election last held on 10 August 2014 (next to be held on 24 June 2018) election results: Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN elected president; Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (AKP) 51.8%, Ekmeleddin IHSANOGLU (independent) 38.4%, Selahattin DEMIRTAS (HDP) 9.8%	chief of state: President HALIMAH Yacob (since 14 September 2017); note - President TAN's term ended on 31 August 2017; HALIMAH is Singapore's first female president; the head of the Council of Presidential Advisors, J.Y. PILLAY, served as acting president until HALIMAH was sworn in as president on 14 September 2017 head of government: Prime Minister LEE Hsien Loong (since 12 August 2004); Deputy Prime Ministers TEO Chee Hean (since 1 April 2009) and Tharman SHANMUGARATNAM (since 21 May 2011) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister; Cabinet responsible to Parliament elections/appointments: president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a single 6-year term; election last held on 13 September 2017 (next to be held in 2023); following legislative elections, leader of majority party or majority coalition appointed prime minister by president; deputy prime ministers appointed by the president election results: HALIMAH Yacob was declared president on 13 September 2017, being the only eligible candidate; Tony TAN Keng Yam elected president in the previous contested election on 27 August 2011; percent of vote - Tony TAN Keng Yam (independent) 35.2% , TAN Cheng Bock (independent) 34.9%, TAN Jee Say (independent) 25%, TAN Kin Lian (independent) 4.9%
Legislative branch	description: unicameral Grand National Assembly of Turkey or Turkiye Buyuk Millet Meclisi (550 seats - will increase to 600 at November 2018 election); members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms - term increased to 5 years beginning with November 2018 election) elections: last held on 1 November 2015 (next to be held on 24 June 2018) election results: percent of vote by party - AKP 49.5%, CHP 25.3%, MHP 11.9%, HDP 10.8%, other 2.5%; seats by party - AKP 317, CHP 134, HDP 59, MHP 40, ; note - only parties surpassing the 10% threshold can win parliamentary seats	description: unicameral Parliament (101 seats; 89 members directly elected by popular vote, up to 9 nominated by a parliamentary selection committee and appointed by the president, and up to 9 but currently 3 non-constituency members from opposition parties to ensure political diversity; members serve 5-year terms) elections: last held on 11 September 2015 (next to be held in 2020) election results: percent of vote by party - PAP 69.9%, WP 12.5%, other 17.6%; seats by party - PAP 83, WP 6
Judicial branch	highest court: Constitutional Court or Anayasa Mahkemesi (consists of 17 members - a constitutional referendum held in 2017 approved an amendment to reduce to 15 from 17 the number of Constitutional Court judges); Court of Cassation (consists of about 390 judges and is organized into civil and penal chambers); Council of State (organized into 15 divisions - 14 judicial and 1 consultative - each with a division head and at least 5 members) judge selection and term of office: Constitutional Court members - 3 appointed by the Grand National Assembly and 12 by the president of the republic; court president and 2 deputy presidents appointed from among its members for 4-year terms; judges appointed for 12-year, nonrenewable terms with mandatory retirement at age 65; Court of Cassation judges appointed by the Board of Judges and Prosecutors, a 13-member body of judicial officials; Court of Cassation judges appointed until retirement at age 65; Council of State members appointed by the Board and by the president of the republic; members appointed for renewable, 4-year terms subordinate courts: regional appeals courts; basic (first instance) courts, peace courts; military courts; state security courts; specialized courts, including administrative and audit; note - a constitutional amendment in 2017 abolished military courts unless established to investigate military personnel actions during war conditions	highest court(s): Supreme Court (although the number varies, as of Feb 2018 it had a total of 21 judges, 7 judicial commissioners, 4 senior judges and 15 international judges; the court is organized into an upper tier Appeal Court and a lower tier High Court) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the president from candidates recommended by the prime minister after consultation with the chief justice; lower court judges appointed by the president from candidates recommended by the chief justice; judges usually serve until retirment at age 65 but can be extended; other appointments are for a fixed term subordinate courts: district, magistrates', juvenile, family, community, and coroners' courts; small claims tribunals; employment claims tribunals
Political parties and leaders	Democrat Party or DP [Gultekin UYSAL] Democratic Left Party or DSP [Onder AKSAKAL] Felicity Party or SP [Temel KARAMOLLAOGLU] Good Party or IYI [Meral AKSENER] Grand Unity Party or BBP [Mustafa DESTICI] Justice and Development Party or AKP [Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN] Nationalist Movement Party or MHP [Devlet BAHCELI] Patriotic Party or VP [Dogu PERINCEK] People's Democratic Party or HDP [Selahattin DEMIRTAS and Serpil KEMALBAY]; note - DEMIRTAS was detained by Turkish authorities in November 2016 over his alleged links to the PKK Republican People's Party or CHP [Kemal KILICDAROGLU] True Path Party or DYP [Cetin OZACIRGOZ]	National Solidarity Party or NSP People's Action Party or PAP [LEE Hsien Loong] Singapore Democratic Party or SDP [Dr. CHEE Soon Juan] Workers' Party or WP [Pritam SINGH]
Political pressure groups and leaders	Confederation of Public Sector Unions or KESK [Mehmet BOZGEYIK, Aysun GEZEN, cochairs] Confederation of Revolutionary Workers Unions or DISK [Kani BEKO] Independent Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association or MUSIAD [Abfuttahman KAAN] Moral Rights Workers Union or Hak-Is [Mahmut ARSLAN] Turkish Confederation of Employer Associations or TISK [Kudret ONEN] Turkish Confederation of Labor Unions or Turk-Is [Ergun ATALAY] Turkish Confederation of Tradesmen and Craftsmen or TESK [Bendevi PALANDOKEN] Turkish Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association or TUSIAD [Erol BILECIK] Turkish Union of Chambers of Commerce and Commodity Exchanges or TOBB [M. Rifat HISARCIKLIOGLU]	none
International organization participation	ADB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CERN (observer), CICA, CPLP (associate observer), D-8, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EU (candidate country), FAO, FATF, G-20, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, PIF (partner), SCO (dialogue member), SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC	ADB, AOSIS, APEC, Arctic Council (observer), ARF, ASEAN, BIS, C, CP, EAS, FAO, FATF, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Serdar KILIC (since 21 May 2014) chancery: 2525 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 612-6700 FAX: [1] (202) 612-6744 consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York	chief of mission: Ambassador Ashok Kumar MIRPURI (since 30 July 2012) chancery: 3501 International Place NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 537-3100 FAX: [1] (202) 537-0876 consulate(s) general: San Francisco consulate(s): New York
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affairs Philip KOSNETT (since 16 October 2017) embassy: 110 Ataturk Boulevard, Kavaklidere, 06100 Ankara mailing address: PSC 93, Box 5000, APO AE 09823 telephone: [90] (312) 455-5555 FAX: [90] (312) 467-0019 consulate(s) general: Istanbul consulate(s): Adana	chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Stephanie SYPTAK-RAMNATH (since 20 January 2017) embassy: 27 Napier Road, Singapore 258508 mailing address: FPO AP 96507-0001 telephone: [65] 6476-9100 FAX: [65] 6476-9340
Flag description	red with a vertical white crescent moon (the closed portion is toward the hoist side) and white five-pointed star centered just outside the crescent opening; the flag colors and designs closely resemble those on the banner of the Ottoman Empire, which preceded modern-day Turkey; the crescent moon and star serve as insignia for Turkic peoples; according to one interpretation, the flag represents the reflection of the moon and a star in a pool of blood of Turkish warriors	two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; near the hoist side of the red band, there is a vertical, white crescent (closed portion is toward the hoist side) partially enclosing five white five-pointed stars arranged in a circle; red denotes brotherhood and equality; white signifies purity and virtue; the waxing crescent moon symbolizes a young nation on the ascendancy; the five stars represent the nation's ideals of democracy, peace, progress, justice, and equality
National symbol(s)	star and crescent; national colors: red, white	lion, merlion (mythical half lion-half fish creature), orchid; national colors: red, white
National anthem	name: "Istiklal Marsi" (Independence March) lyrics/music: Mehmet Akif ERSOY/Zeki UNGOR note: lyrics adopted 1921, music adopted 1932; the anthem's original music was adopted in 1924; a new composition was agreed upon in 1932	name: "Majulah Singapura" (Onward Singapore) lyrics/music: ZUBIR Said note: adopted 1965; first performed in 1958 at the Victoria Theatre, the anthem is sung only in Malay

Economy comparison between [Turkey] and [Singapore]

	Turkey	Singapore
Economy - overview	Turkey's largely free-market economy is driven by its industry and, increasingly, service sectors, although its traditional agriculture sector still accounts for about 25% of employment. The automotive, petrochemical, and electronics industries have risen in importance and surpassed the traditional textiles and clothing sectors within Turkey's export mix. However, the recent period of political stability and economic dynamism has given way to domestic uncertainty and security concerns, which are generating financial market volatility and weighing on Turkey’s economic outlook. Current government policies emphasize populist spending measures and credit breaks, while implementation of structural economic reforms has slowed. The government is playing a more active role in some strategic sectors and has used economic institutions and regulators to target political opponents, undermining private sector confidence in the judicial system. Between July 2016 and March 2017, three credit ratings agencies downgraded Turkey’s sovereign credit ratings, citing concerns about the rule of law and the pace of economic reforms. Turkey remains highly dependent on imported oil and gas but is pursuing energy relationships with a broader set of international partners and taking steps to increase use of domestic energy sources including renewables, nuclear, and coal. The joint Turkish-Azerbaijani Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline is moving forward to increase transport of Caspian gas to Turkey and Europe, and when completed will help diversify Turkey's sources of imported gas. After Turkey experienced a severe financial crisis in 2001, Ankara adopted financial and fiscal reforms as part of an IMF program. The reforms strengthened the country's economic fundamentals and ushered in an era of strong growth averaging more than 6% annually until 2008. An aggressive privatization program also reduced state involvement in basic industry, banking, transport, power generation, and communication. Global economic conditions and tighter fiscal policy caused GDP to contract in 2009, but Turkey's well-regulated financial markets and banking system helped the country weather the global financial crisis, and GDP growth rebounded to around 9% in 2010 and 2011, as exports and investment recovered following the crisis. The growth of Turkish GDP since 2016 has revealed the persistent underlying imbalances in the Turkish economy. In particular, Turkey’s large current account deficit means it must rely on external investment inflows to finance growth, leaving the economy vulnerable to destabilizing shifts in investor confidence. Other troublesome trends include rising unemployment and inflation, which increased in 2017, given the Turkish lira’s continuing depreciation against the dollar. Although government debt remains low at about 30% of GDP, bank and corporate borrowing has almost tripled as a percent of GDP during the past decade, outpacing its emerging-market peers and prompting investor concerns about its long-term sustainability.	Singapore has a highly developed and successful free-market economy. It enjoys a remarkably open and corruption-free environment, stable prices, and a per capita GDP higher than that of most developed countries. Unemployment is very low. The economy depends heavily on exports, particularly of electronics, petroleum products, chemicals, medical and optical devices, pharmaceuticals, and on Singapore’s vibrant transportation, business, and financial services sectors. The economy contracted 0.6% in 2009 as a result of the global financial crisis, but has continued to grow since 2010. Growth from 2012-2017 was slower than during the previous decade, a result of slowing structural growth - as Singapore reached high-income levels - and soft global demand for exports. Growth recovered to 3.6% in 2017 with a strengthening global economy. The government is attempting to restructure Singapore’s economy to reduce its dependence on foreign labor, raise productivity growth, and increase wages amid slowing labor force growth and an aging population. Singapore has attracted major investments in advanced manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and medical technology production and will continue efforts to strengthen its position as Southeast Asia's leading financial and technology hub. Singapore is a signatory of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), and a party to the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) negotiations with nine other ASEAN members plus Australia, China, India, Japan, South Korea, and New Zealand. In 2015, Singapore formed, with the other ASEAN members, the ASEAN Economic Community.
GDP (purchasing power parity)	$2.133 trillion (2017 est.) $2.029 trillion (2016 est.) $1.966 trillion (2015 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars country comparison to the world: 14	$513.7 billion (2017 est.) $501.1 billion (2016 est.) $491.3 billion (2015 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars country comparison to the world: 41
GDP (official exchange rate)	$841.2 billion (2017 est.)	$305.8 billion (2017 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	5.1% (2017 est.) 3.2% (2016 est.) 6.1% (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 38	2.5% (2017 est.) 2% (2016 est.) 1.9% (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 134
GDP - per capita (PPP)	$26,500 (2017 est.) $25,400 (2016 est.) $25,000 (2015 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars country comparison to the world: 75	$90,500 (2017 est.) $89,400 (2016 est.) $88,800 (2015 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars country comparison to the world: 7
Gross national saving	25.1% of GDP (2017 est.) 24.5% of GDP (2016 est.) 24.8% of GDP (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 49	45% of GDP (2017 est.) 44.4% of GDP (2016 est.) 44.9% of GDP (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 5
GDP - composition, by end use	household consumption: 59.8% government consumption: 15.3% investment in fixed capital: 28.6% investment in inventories: -0.9% exports of goods and services: 24% imports of goods and services: -26.8% (2017 est.)	household consumption: 34.7% government consumption: 11.4% investment in fixed capital: 23.5% investment in inventories: 1.9% exports of goods and services: 179.2% imports of goods and services: -150.6% (2017 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin	agriculture: 6.7% industry: 31.8% services: 61.4% (2017 est.)	agriculture: 0% industry: 26% services: 74% (2016 est.)
Agriculture - products	tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, sugar beets, hazelnuts, pulses, citrus; livestock	vegetables; poultry, eggs; fish, ornamental fish, orchids
Industries	textiles, food processing, automobiles, electronics, mining (coal, chromate, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper	electronics, chemicals, financial services, oil drilling equipment, petroleum refining, biomedical products, scientific instruments, telecommunication equipment, processed food and beverages, ship repair, offshore platform construction, entrepot trade
Industrial production growth rate	3% (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 100	3% (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 101
Labor force	31.3 million note: this number is for the domestic labor force only; number does not include about 1.2 million Turks working abroad, nor refugees (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 20	3.668 million note: excludes non-residents (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 99
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 18.4% industry: 26.6% services: 54.9% (2016 est.)	agriculture: 0.96% industry: 15.5% services: 83.5% note: excludes non-residents (2016 est.)
Unemployment rate	11.2% (2017 est.) 10.9% (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 147	2.2% (2017 est.) 2.1% (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 18
Population below poverty line	21.9% (2015 est.)	NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 2.1% highest 10%: 30.3% (2008 est.)	lowest 10%: 1.7% highest 10%: 26% (2016 est.)
Distribution of family income - Gini index	40.2 (2010 est.) 43.6 (2003 est.) country comparison to the world: 65	45.8 (2016 est.) 46.3 (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 37
Budget	revenues: $173.9 billion expenditures: $190.4 billion (2017 est.)	revenues: $53.4 billion expenditures: $56.49 billion note: expenditures include both operational and development expenditures (2017 est.)
Taxes and other revenues	20.7% of GDP (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 147	17.5% of GDP (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 174
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)	-2% of GDP (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 86	-1% of GDP (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 60
Public debt	29.6% of GDP (2017 est.) 29.4% of GDP (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 165	114.6% of GDP (2017 est.) 112.9% of GDP (2016 est.) note: Singapore's public debt consists largely of Singapore Government Securities (SGS) issued to assist the Central Provident Fund (CPF), which administers Singapore's defined contribution pension fund; special issues of SGS are held by the CPF, and are non-tradable; the government has not borrowed to finance deficit expenditures since the 1980s; Singapore has no external public debt country comparison to the world: 11
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 April - 31 March
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	10.9% (2017 est.) 7.8% (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 205	0.9% (2017 est.) -0.5% (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 33
Central bank discount rate	5.25% (31 December 2011 est.) 15% (22 December 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 79	1.17% (2016 est.) 1.21% (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 127
Commercial bank prime lending rate	15.2% (31 December 2017 est.) 14.74% (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 42	5.4% (31 December 2017 est.) 5.35% (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 136
Stock of narrow money	$122 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $108.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 33	$134.3 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $119.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 32
Stock of broad money	$445 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $399.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 24	$437.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $388.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 25
Stock of domestic credit	$612.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $549.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 24	$455.4 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $383.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 28
Market value of publicly traded shares	$188.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $219.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.) $195.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 36	$654.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $640 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $752.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 17
Current account balance	$-38.95 billion (2017 est.) $-32.61 billion (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 198	$59.79 billion (2017 est.) $56.5 billion (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 9
Exports	$157.3 billion (2017 est.) $150.2 billion (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 34	$396.4 billion (2017 est.) $361.6 billion (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 14
Exports - commodities	apparel, foodstuffs, textiles, metal manufactures, transport equipment	machinery and equipment (including electronics and telecommunications), pharmaceuticals and other chemicals, refined petroleum products, foodstuffs and beverages
Exports - partners	Germany 9.8%, UK 8.2%, Iraq 5.4%, Italy 5.3%, US 4.7%, France 4.2% (2016)	China 12.8%, Hong Kong 12.6%, Malaysia 10.5%, Indonesia 7.8%, US 6.8%, Japan 4.5%, South Korea 4.4% (2016)
Imports	$196.8 billion (2017 est.) $191 billion (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 24	$309.7 billion (2017 est.) $278.8 billion (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 16
Imports - commodities	machinery, chemicals, semi-finished goods, fuels, transport equipment	machinery and equipment, mineral fuels, chemicals, foodstuffs, consumer goods
Imports - partners	China 12.8%, Germany 10.8%, Russia 7.6%, US 5.5%, Italy 5.2% (2016)	China 14.3%, Malaysia 11.4%, US 10.8%, Japan 7%, South Korea 6.1%, Indonesia 4.8% (2016)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold	$107.5 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $106.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 25	$266.3 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $246.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 12
Debt - external	$429.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $404.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 30	$482.8 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $504.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 26
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home	$143.7 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $133.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 39	$1.158 trillion (31 December 2017 est.) $1.096 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 10
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad	$41.81 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $38.31 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 46	$725.9 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $682.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 15
Exchange rates	Turkish liras (TRY) per US dollar - 3.63 (2017 est.) 3.02 (2016 est.) 3.02 (2015 est.) 2.72 (2014 est.) 2.19 (2013 est.)	Singapore dollars (SGD) per US dollar - 1.39 (2017 est.) 1.38 (2016 est.) 1.38 (2015 est.) 1.37 (2014 est.) 1.27 (2013 est.)

Turkey

Singapore

Economy - overview

Turkey's largely free-market economy is driven by its industry and, increasingly, service sectors, although its traditional agriculture sector still accounts for about 25% of employment. The automotive, petrochemical, and electronics industries have risen in importance and surpassed the traditional textiles and clothing sectors within Turkey's export mix. However, the recent period of political stability and economic dynamism has given way to domestic uncertainty and security concerns, which are generating financial market volatility and weighing on Turkey’s economic outlook.

Current government policies emphasize populist spending measures and credit breaks, while implementation of structural economic reforms has slowed. The government is playing a more active role in some strategic sectors and has used economic institutions and regulators to target political opponents, undermining private sector confidence in the judicial system. Between July 2016 and March 2017, three credit ratings agencies downgraded Turkey’s sovereign credit ratings, citing concerns about the rule of law and the pace of economic reforms.

Turkey remains highly dependent on imported oil and gas but is pursuing energy relationships with a broader set of international partners and taking steps to increase use of domestic energy sources including renewables, nuclear, and coal. The joint Turkish-Azerbaijani Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline is moving forward to increase transport of Caspian gas to Turkey and Europe, and when completed will help diversify Turkey's sources of imported gas.

After Turkey experienced a severe financial crisis in 2001, Ankara adopted financial and fiscal reforms as part of an IMF program. The reforms strengthened the country's economic fundamentals and ushered in an era of strong growth averaging more than 6% annually until 2008. An aggressive privatization program also reduced state involvement in basic industry, banking, transport, power generation, and communication. Global economic conditions and tighter fiscal policy caused GDP to contract in 2009, but Turkey's well-regulated financial markets and banking system helped the country weather the global financial crisis, and GDP growth rebounded to around 9% in 2010 and 2011, as exports and investment recovered following the crisis.

The growth of Turkish GDP since 2016 has revealed the persistent underlying imbalances in the Turkish economy. In particular, Turkey’s large current account deficit means it must rely on external investment inflows to finance growth, leaving the economy vulnerable to destabilizing shifts in investor confidence. Other troublesome trends include rising unemployment and inflation, which increased in 2017, given the Turkish lira’s continuing depreciation against the dollar. Although government debt remains low at about 30% of GDP, bank and corporate borrowing has almost tripled as a percent of GDP during the past decade, outpacing its emerging-market peers and prompting investor concerns about its long-term sustainability.

Singapore has a highly developed and successful free-market economy. It enjoys a remarkably open and corruption-free environment, stable prices, and a per capita GDP higher than that of most developed countries. Unemployment is very low. The economy depends heavily on exports, particularly of electronics, petroleum products, chemicals, medical and optical devices, pharmaceuticals, and on Singapore’s vibrant transportation, business, and financial services sectors.

The economy contracted 0.6% in 2009 as a result of the global financial crisis, but has continued to grow since 2010. Growth from 2012-2017 was slower than during the previous decade, a result of slowing structural growth - as Singapore reached high-income levels - and soft global demand for exports. Growth recovered to 3.6% in 2017 with a strengthening global economy.

The government is attempting to restructure Singapore’s economy to reduce its dependence on foreign labor, raise productivity growth, and increase wages amid slowing labor force growth and an aging population. Singapore has attracted major investments in advanced manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and medical technology production and will continue efforts to strengthen its position as Southeast Asia's leading financial and technology hub. Singapore is a signatory of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), and a party to the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) negotiations with nine other ASEAN members plus Australia, China, India, Japan, South Korea, and New Zealand. In 2015, Singapore formed, with the other ASEAN members, the ASEAN Economic Community.

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$2.133 trillion (2017 est.)

$2.029 trillion (2016 est.)

$1.966 trillion (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

country comparison to the world: 14

$513.7 billion (2017 est.)

$501.1 billion (2016 est.)

$491.3 billion (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

country comparison to the world: 41

GDP (official exchange rate)

$841.2 billion (2017 est.)

$305.8 billion (2017 est.)

GDP - real growth rate

5.1% (2017 est.)

3.2% (2016 est.)

6.1% (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 38

2.5% (2017 est.)

2% (2016 est.)

1.9% (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 134

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$26,500 (2017 est.)

$25,400 (2016 est.)

$25,000 (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

country comparison to the world: 75

$90,500 (2017 est.)

$89,400 (2016 est.)

$88,800 (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

country comparison to the world: 7

Gross national saving

25.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

24.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

24.8% of GDP (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 49

45% of GDP (2017 est.)

44.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

44.9% of GDP (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 5

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 59.8%

government consumption: 15.3%

investment in fixed capital: 28.6%

investment in inventories: -0.9%

exports of goods and services: 24%

imports of goods and services: -26.8% (2017 est.)

household consumption: 34.7%

government consumption: 11.4%

investment in fixed capital: 23.5%

investment in inventories: 1.9%

exports of goods and services: 179.2%

imports of goods and services: -150.6% (2017 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 6.7%

industry: 31.8%

services: 61.4% (2017 est.)

agriculture: 0%

industry: 26%

services: 74% (2016 est.)

Agriculture - products

tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, sugar beets, hazelnuts, pulses, citrus; livestock

vegetables; poultry, eggs; fish, ornamental fish, orchids

Industries

textiles, food processing, automobiles, electronics, mining (coal, chromate, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper

electronics, chemicals, financial services, oil drilling equipment, petroleum refining, biomedical products, scientific instruments, telecommunication equipment, processed food and beverages, ship repair, offshore platform construction, entrepot trade

Industrial production growth rate

3% (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 100

3% (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 101

Labor force

31.3 million

note: this number is for the domestic labor force only; number does not include about 1.2 million Turks working abroad, nor refugees (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 20

3.668 million

note: excludes non-residents (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 99

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 18.4%

industry: 26.6%

services: 54.9% (2016 est.)

agriculture: 0.96%

industry: 15.5%

services: 83.5%

note: excludes non-residents (2016 est.)

Unemployment rate

11.2% (2017 est.)

10.9% (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 147

2.2% (2017 est.)

2.1% (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 18

Population below poverty line

21.9% (2015 est.)

NA%

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 2.1%

highest 10%: 30.3% (2008 est.)

lowest 10%: 1.7%

highest 10%: 26% (2016 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

40.2 (2010 est.)

43.6 (2003 est.)

country comparison to the world: 65

45.8 (2016 est.)

46.3 (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 37

Budget

revenues: $173.9 billion

expenditures: $190.4 billion (2017 est.)

revenues: $53.4 billion

expenditures: $56.49 billion

note: expenditures include both operational and development expenditures (2017 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

20.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 147

17.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 174

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-2% of GDP (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 86

-1% of GDP (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 60

Public debt

29.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

29.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 165

114.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

112.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: Singapore's public debt consists largely of Singapore Government Securities (SGS) issued to assist the Central Provident Fund (CPF), which administers Singapore's defined contribution pension fund; special issues of SGS are held by the CPF, and are non-tradable; the government has not borrowed to finance deficit expenditures since the 1980s; Singapore has no external public debt

country comparison to the world: 11

Fiscal year

calendar year

1 April - 31 March

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

10.9% (2017 est.)

7.8% (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 205

0.9% (2017 est.)

-0.5% (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 33

Central bank discount rate

5.25% (31 December 2011 est.)

15% (22 December 2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 79

1.17% (2016 est.)

1.21% (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 127

Commercial bank prime lending rate

15.2% (31 December 2017 est.)

14.74% (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 42

5.4% (31 December 2017 est.)

5.35% (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 136

Stock of narrow money

$122 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$108.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 33

$134.3 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$119.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 32

Stock of broad money

$445 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$399.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 24

$437.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$388.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 25

Stock of domestic credit

$612.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$549.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 24

$455.4 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$383.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 28

Market value of publicly traded shares

$188.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

$219.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

$195.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 36

$654.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

$640 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

$752.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

country comparison to the world: 17

Current account balance

$-38.95 billion (2017 est.)

$-32.61 billion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 198

$59.79 billion (2017 est.)

$56.5 billion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 9

Exports

$157.3 billion (2017 est.)

$150.2 billion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 34

$396.4 billion (2017 est.)

$361.6 billion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 14

Exports - commodities

apparel, foodstuffs, textiles, metal manufactures, transport equipment

machinery and equipment (including electronics and telecommunications), pharmaceuticals and other chemicals, refined petroleum products, foodstuffs and beverages

Exports - partners

Germany 9.8%, UK 8.2%, Iraq 5.4%, Italy 5.3%, US 4.7%, France 4.2% (2016)

China 12.8%, Hong Kong 12.6%, Malaysia 10.5%, Indonesia 7.8%, US 6.8%, Japan 4.5%, South Korea 4.4% (2016)

Imports

$196.8 billion (2017 est.)

$191 billion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 24

$309.7 billion (2017 est.)

$278.8 billion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 16

Imports - commodities

machinery, chemicals, semi-finished goods, fuels, transport equipment

machinery and equipment, mineral fuels, chemicals, foodstuffs, consumer goods

Imports - partners

China 12.8%, Germany 10.8%, Russia 7.6%, US 5.5%, Italy 5.2% (2016)

China 14.3%, Malaysia 11.4%, US 10.8%, Japan 7%, South Korea 6.1%, Indonesia 4.8% (2016)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$107.5 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$106.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 25

$266.3 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$246.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 12

Debt - external

$429.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$404.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 30

$482.8 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$504.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 26

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$143.7 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$133.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 39

$1.158 trillion (31 December 2017 est.)

$1.096 trillion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 10

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$41.81 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$38.31 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 46

$725.9 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$682.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 15

Exchange rates

Turkish liras (TRY) per US dollar -

3.63 (2017 est.)

3.02 (2016 est.)

3.02 (2015 est.)

2.72 (2014 est.)

2.19 (2013 est.)

Singapore dollars (SGD) per US dollar -

1.39 (2017 est.)

1.38 (2016 est.)

1.38 (2015 est.)

1.37 (2014 est.)

1.27 (2013 est.)

Energy comparison between [Turkey] and [Singapore]

Turkey

Singapore

Electricity access

electrification - total population: 100% (2016)

Electricity - production

245.8 billion kWh (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 19

47.48 billion kWh (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 55

Electricity - consumption

213.2 billion kWh (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 20

46.6 billion kWh (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 54

Electricity - exports

1.442 billion kWh (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 49

0 kWh (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 197

Electricity - imports

6.4 billion kWh (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 33

0 kWh (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 201

Electricity - installed generating capacity

73.15 million kW (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 15

13.28 million kW (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 53

Electricity - from fossil fuels

56.8% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 138

98.6% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 36

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 195

0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 182

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

35.4% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 59

0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 203

Electricity - from other renewable sources

11.2% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 66

1.9% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 124

Crude oil - production

49,500 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 55

0 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 194

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 200

11,460 bbl/day (2014 est.)

country comparison to the world: 59

Crude oil - imports

506,300 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 18

831,300 bbl/day (2014 est.)

country comparison to the world: 13

Crude oil - proved reserves

388.5 million bbl (1 January 2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 54

0 bbl (1 January 2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 193

Refined petroleum products - production

618,300 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 29

955,500 bbl/day (2014 est.)

country comparison to the world: 22

Refined petroleum products - consumption

943,700 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 24

1.34 million bbl/day (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 17

Refined petroleum products - exports

134,900 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 39

1.718 million bbl/day (2014 est.)

country comparison to the world: 5

Refined petroleum products - imports

527,700 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 16

2.153 million bbl/day (2014 est.)

country comparison to the world: 3

Natural gas - production

381 million cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 73

0 cu m (2014 est.)

country comparison to the world: 194

Natural gas - consumption

81.35 billion cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 15

19.73 billion cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 43

Natural gas - exports

624 million cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 41

250 million cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 47

Natural gas - imports

48.43 billion cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 7

12.37 billion cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 24

Natural gas - proved reserves

18.49 billion cu m (1 January 2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 77

0 cu m (1 January 2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 195

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

319 million Mt (2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 20

205 million Mt (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 29

Communications comparison between [Turkey] and [Singapore]

	Turkey	Singapore
Telephones - fixed lines	total subscriptions: 11,077,559 subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 14 (July 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 18	total subscriptions: 1,998,400 subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 35 (July 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 59
Telephones - mobile cellular	total: 75,061,699 subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 93 (July 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 22	total: 8,460,700 subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 144 (July 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 96
Telephone system	general assessment: comprehensive telecommunications network undergoing rapid modernization and expansion, especially in mobile-cellular services domestic: additional digital exchanges are permitting a rapid increase in subscribers; the construction of a network of technologically advanced intercity trunk lines, using both fiber-optic cable and digital microwave radio relay, is facilitating communication between urban centers; remote areas are reached by a domestic satellite system; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 105 telephones per 100 persons international: country code - 90; international service is provided by the SEA-ME-WE-3 submarine cable and by submarine fiber-optic cables in the Mediterranean and Black Seas that link Turkey with Italy, Greece, Israel, Bulgaria, Romania, and Russia; satellite earth stations - 12 Intelsat; mobile satellite terminals - 328 in the Inmarsat and Eutelsat systems (2016)	general assessment: excellent service domestic: excellent domestic facilities; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity more than 180 telephones per 100 persons; multiple providers of high-speed Internet connectivity international: country code - 65; numerous submarine cables provide links throughout Asia, Australia, the Middle East, Europe, and US; satellite earth stations - 4; supplemented by VSAT coverage (2016)
Broadcast media	Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT) operates multiple TV and radio networks and stations; multiple privately owned national television stations and up to 300 private regional and local television stations; multi-channel cable TV subscriptions available; more than 1,000 private radio broadcast stations (2009)	state controls broadcast media; 7 domestic TV stations operated by MediaCorp which is wholly owned by a state investment company; broadcasts from Malaysian and Indonesian stations available; satellite dishes banned; multi-channel cable TV services available; a total of 18 domestic radio stations broadcasting, with MediaCorp operating 11, Singapore Press Holdings, also government-linked, another 5, and another 2 controlled by the Singapore Armed Forces Reservists Association; Malaysian and Indonesian radio stations are available as is BBC; a number of Internet service radio stations are also available
Internet country code	.tr	.sg
Internet users	total: 46,838,412 percent of population: 58.3% (July 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 16	total: 4,683,200 percent of population: 81.0% (July 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 81

Transportation comparison between [Turkey] and [Singapore]

	Turkey	Singapore
National air transport system	number of registered air carriers: 15 inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 531 annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 96,604,665 annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 2,882.162 million mt-km (2015)	number of registered air carriers: 5 inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 197 annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 33,290,544 annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 6,154,365,275 mt-km (2015)
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix	TC (2016)	9V (2016)
Airports	98 (2013) country comparison to the world: 58	9 (2013) country comparison to the world: 158
Airports - with paved runways	total: 91 over 3,047 m: 16 2,438 to 3,047 m: 38 1,524 to 2,437 m: 17 914 to 1,523 m: 16 under 914 m: 4 (2013)	total: 9 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2017)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 2 (2013)	-
Heliports	20 (2013)	-
Pipelines	gas 12,603 km; oil 3,038 km (2016)	domestic gas 3,220 km (2014); cross-border pipelines 1,122 km (2017); refined products 8 km (2013)
Railways	total: 12,008 km standard gauge: 12,008 km 1.435-m gauge (3,216 km electrified) (2014) country comparison to the world: 21	-
Roadways	total: 385,754 km paved: 352,268 km (includes 2,127 km of expressways) unpaved: 33,486 km (2012) country comparison to the world: 19	total: 3,496 km paved: 3,496 km (includes 164 km of expressways) (2014) country comparison to the world: 163
Waterways	1,200 km (2010) country comparison to the world: 59	-
Merchant marine	total: 1,285 by type: bulk carrier 78, container ship 50, general cargo 432, oil tanker 121, other 604 (2017) country comparison to the world: 22	total: 3,558 by type: bulk carrier 592, container ship 504, general cargo 134, oil tanker 722, other 1,606 (2017) country comparison to the world: 6
Ports and terminals	major seaport(s): Aliaga, Ambarli, Diliskelesi, Eregli, Izmir, Kocaeli (Izmit), Mersin (Icel), Limani, Yarimca container port(s) (TEUs): Ambarli (3,062,000), Mersin (Icel) (1,428,000) (2015) LNG terminal(s) (import): Izmir Aliaga, Marmara Ereglisi	major seaport(s): Singapore container port(s) (TEUs): Singapore (30,922,000) (2015) LNG terminal(s) (import): Singapore

Military comparison between [Turkey] and [Singapore]

	Turkey	Singapore
Military expenditures	1.73% of GDP (2016) 1.85% of GDP (2015) 1.9% of GDP (2014) 1.96% of GDP (2013) 2.05% of GDP (2012) country comparison to the world: 61	3.35% of GDP (2016) 3.16% of GDP (2015) 3.11% of GDP (2014) 3.09% of GDP (2013) 3.17% of GDP (2012) country comparison to the world: 24
Military branches	Turkish Armed Forces (TSK): Turkish Land Forces (Turk Kara Kuvvetleri), Turkish Naval Forces (Turk Deniz Kuvvetleri; includes naval air and naval infantry), Turkish Air Forces (Turk Hava Kuvvetleri) (2013)	Singapore Armed Forces: Army, Navy, Air Force (includes Air Defense) (2013)
Military service age and obligation	21-41 years of age for male compulsory military service (in case of mobilization, up to 65 years of age); 18 years of age for voluntary service; 12-month conscript obligation for non-university graduates, 6-12 months for university graduates (graduates of higher education may perform 6 months of military service as short-term privates, or 12 months as reserve officers); conscripts are called to register at age 20, for service at 21; women serve in the Turkish Armed Forces only as officers; reserve obligation to age 41; Turkish citizens with a residence or work permit who have worked abroad for at least 3 years (1095 days) can be exempt from military service in exchange for 6,000 EUR or its equivalent in foreign currencies; a law passed in December 2014 introduced a one-time payment scheme which exempted Turkish citizens 27 and older from conscription in exchange for a payment of $8,150 (2013)	18-21 years of age for male compulsory military service; 16 1/2 years of age for volunteers; 2-year conscript service obligation, with a reserve obligation to age 40 (enlisted) or age 50 (officers) (2012)
Military - note	the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) has actively pursued the goal of asserting civilian control over the military since first taking power in 2002; the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) role in internal security has been significantly reduced; the TSK leadership continues to be an influential institution within Turkey, but plays a much smaller role in politics; the Turkish military remains focused on the threats emanating from the Syrian civil war, Russia's actions in Ukraine, and the PKK insurgency; primary domestic threats are listed as fundamentalism (with the definition in some dispute with the civilian government), separatism (Kurdish discontent), and the extreme left wing; Ankara strongly opposed establishment of an autonomous Kurdish region in Iraq; an overhaul of the Turkish Land Forces Command (TLFC) taking place under the "Force 2014" program is to produce 20-30% smaller, more highly trained forces characterized by greater mobility and firepower and capable of joint and combined operations; the TLFC has taken on increasing international peacekeeping responsibilities including in Afghanistan; the Turkish Navy is a regional naval power that wants to develop the capability to project power beyond Turkey's coastal waters; the Navy is heavily involved in NATO, multinational, and UN operations; its roles include control of territorial waters and security for sea lines of communications; the Turkish Air Force adopted an "Aerospace and Missile Defense Concept" in 2002 and has initiated project work on an integrated missile defense system; Air Force priorities include attaining a modern deployable, survivable, and sustainable force structure, and establishing a sustainable command and control system; Turkey is a NATO ally and hosts NATO's Land Forces Command in Izmir, as well as the AN/TPY-2 radar as part of NATO Missile Defense (2014)	-
Maritime threats	-	the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the South China Sea as high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; numerous commercial vessels have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; hijacked vessels are often disguised and cargo diverted to ports in East Asia; crews have been murdered or cast adrift; in the Singapore Straits there were nine attacks against commercial vessels in 2015, declining to only two attacks in 2016

Transnational comparison between [Turkey] and [Singapore]

	Turkey	Singapore
Disputes - international	complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Greece in the Aegean Sea; status of north Cyprus question remains; Turkey has expressed concern over the status of Kurds in Iraq; in 2009, Swiss mediators facilitated an accord reestablishing diplomatic ties between Armenia and Turkey, but neither side has ratified the agreement and the rapprochement effort has faltered; Turkish authorities have complained that blasting from quarries in Armenia might be damaging the medieval ruins of Ani, on the other side of the Arpacay valley	disputes persist with Malaysia over each country’s extensive land reclamation works, bridge construction, and maritime boundaries in the Johor and Singapore Straits; in 2008, ICJ awarded sovereignty of Pedra Branca (Pulau Batu Puteh/Horsburgh Island) to Singapore, and Middle Rocks to Malaysia, but did not rule on maritime regimes, boundaries, or disposition of South Ledge; in 2017, Malaysia filed a challenge to the 2008 ruling and applied for ownership of South Ledge; piracy remains a problem in the Malacca Strait
Refugees and internally displaced persons	refugees (country of origin): 157,000 (Afghanistan); 152,000 (Iraq); 33,000 (Iran) (2017); 3,589,384 (Syria) (2018) IDPs: 1.113 million (displaced from 1984-2005 because of fighting between the Kurdish PKK and Turkish military; most IDPs are Kurds from eastern and southeastern provinces; no information available on persons displaced by development projects) (2017) stateless persons: 780 (2016)	-
Illicit drugs	key transit route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe and, to a lesser extent, the US - via air, land, and sea routes; major Turkish and other international trafficking organizations operate out of Istanbul; laboratories to convert imported morphine base into heroin exist in remote regions of Turkey and near Istanbul; government maintains strict controls over areas of legal opium poppy cultivation and over output of poppy straw concentrate; lax enforcement of money-laundering controls	drug abuse limited because of aggressive law enforcement efforts, including carrying out death sentences; as a transportation and financial services hub, Singapore is vulnerable, despite strict laws and enforcement, as a venue for money laundering

Turkey

Singapore

Disputes - international

complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Greece in the Aegean Sea; status of north Cyprus question remains; Turkey has expressed concern over the status of Kurds in Iraq; in 2009, Swiss mediators facilitated an accord reestablishing diplomatic ties between Armenia and Turkey, but neither side has ratified the agreement and the rapprochement effort has faltered; Turkish authorities have complained that blasting from quarries in Armenia might be damaging the medieval ruins of Ani, on the other side of the Arpacay valley

disputes persist with Malaysia over each country’s extensive land reclamation works, bridge construction, and maritime boundaries in the Johor and Singapore Straits; in 2008, ICJ awarded sovereignty of Pedra Branca (Pulau Batu Puteh/Horsburgh Island) to Singapore, and Middle Rocks to Malaysia, but did not rule on maritime regimes, boundaries, or disposition of South Ledge; in 2017, Malaysia filed a challenge to the 2008 ruling and applied for ownership of South Ledge; piracy remains a problem in the Malacca Strait

Refugees and internally displaced persons

refugees (country of origin): 157,000 (Afghanistan); 152,000 (Iraq); 33,000 (Iran) (2017); 3,589,384 (Syria) (2018)

IDPs: 1.113 million (displaced from 1984-2005 because of fighting between the Kurdish PKK and Turkish military; most IDPs are Kurds from eastern and southeastern provinces; no information available on persons displaced by development projects) (2017)

stateless persons: 780 (2016)

Illicit drugs

key transit route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe and, to a lesser extent, the US - via air, land, and sea routes; major Turkish and other international trafficking organizations operate out of Istanbul; laboratories to convert imported morphine base into heroin exist in remote regions of Turkey and near Istanbul; government maintains strict controls over areas of legal opium poppy cultivation and over output of poppy straw concentrate; lax enforcement of money-laundering controls

drug abuse limited because of aggressive law enforcement efforts, including carrying out death sentences; as a transportation and financial services hub, Singapore is vulnerable, despite strict laws and enforcement, as a venue for money laundering

TRY to SGD Historical Rates

year	by month
TRY to SGD in 2023	TRY to SGD in 2023-05 TRY to SGD in 2023-04 TRY to SGD in 2023-03 TRY to SGD in 2023-02 TRY to SGD in 2023-01
TRY to SGD in 2022	TRY to SGD in 2022-12 TRY to SGD in 2022-11 TRY to SGD in 2022-10 TRY to SGD in 2022-09 TRY to SGD in 2022-08 TRY to SGD in 2022-07 TRY to SGD in 2022-06 TRY to SGD in 2022-05 TRY to SGD in 2022-04 TRY to SGD in 2022-03 TRY to SGD in 2022-02 TRY to SGD in 2022-01
TRY to SGD in 2021	TRY to SGD in 2021-12 TRY to SGD in 2021-11 TRY to SGD in 2021-10 TRY to SGD in 2021-09 TRY to SGD in 2021-08 TRY to SGD in 2021-07 TRY to SGD in 2021-06 TRY to SGD in 2021-05 TRY to SGD in 2021-04 TRY to SGD in 2021-03 TRY to SGD in 2021-02 TRY to SGD in 2021-01
TRY to SGD in 2020	TRY to SGD in 2020-12 TRY to SGD in 2020-11 TRY to SGD in 2020-10 TRY to SGD in 2020-09 TRY to SGD in 2020-08 TRY to SGD in 2020-07 TRY to SGD in 2020-06 TRY to SGD in 2020-05 TRY to SGD in 2020-04 TRY to SGD in 2020-03 TRY to SGD in 2020-02 TRY to SGD in 2020-01
TRY to SGD in 2019	TRY to SGD in 2019-12 TRY to SGD in 2019-11 TRY to SGD in 2019-10 TRY to SGD in 2019-09 TRY to SGD in 2019-08 TRY to SGD in 2019-07 TRY to SGD in 2019-06 TRY to SGD in 2019-05 TRY to SGD in 2019-04 TRY to SGD in 2019-03 TRY to SGD in 2019-02 TRY to SGD in 2019-01
TRY to SGD in 2018	TRY to SGD in 2018-12 TRY to SGD in 2018-11 TRY to SGD in 2018-10 TRY to SGD in 2018-09 TRY to SGD in 2018-08 TRY to SGD in 2018-07 TRY to SGD in 2018-06 TRY to SGD in 2018-05 TRY to SGD in 2018-04 TRY to SGD in 2018-03 TRY to SGD in 2018-02 TRY to SGD in 2018-01
TRY to SGD in 2017	TRY to SGD in 2017-12 TRY to SGD in 2017-11 TRY to SGD in 2017-10 TRY to SGD in 2017-09 TRY to SGD in 2017-08 TRY to SGD in 2017-07 TRY to SGD in 2017-06 TRY to SGD in 2017-05 TRY to SGD in 2017-04 TRY to SGD in 2017-03 TRY to SGD in 2017-02 TRY to SGD in 2017-01
TRY to SGD in 2016	TRY to SGD in 2016-12 TRY to SGD in 2016-11 TRY to SGD in 2016-10 TRY to SGD in 2016-09 TRY to SGD in 2016-08 TRY to SGD in 2016-07 TRY to SGD in 2016-06 TRY to SGD in 2016-05 TRY to SGD in 2016-04 TRY to SGD in 2016-03 TRY to SGD in 2016-02 TRY to SGD in 2016-01
TRY to SGD in 2015	TRY to SGD in 2015-12 TRY to SGD in 2015-11 TRY to SGD in 2015-10 TRY to SGD in 2015-09 TRY to SGD in 2015-08 TRY to SGD in 2015-07 TRY to SGD in 2015-06 TRY to SGD in 2015-05 TRY to SGD in 2015-04 TRY to SGD in 2015-03 TRY to SGD in 2015-02 TRY to SGD in 2015-01
TRY to SGD in 2014	TRY to SGD in 2014-12 TRY to SGD in 2014-11 TRY to SGD in 2014-10 TRY to SGD in 2014-09 TRY to SGD in 2014-08 TRY to SGD in 2014-07 TRY to SGD in 2014-06 TRY to SGD in 2014-05 TRY to SGD in 2014-04 TRY to SGD in 2014-03 TRY to SGD in 2014-02 TRY to SGD in 2014-01
TRY to SGD in 2013	TRY to SGD in 2013-12 TRY to SGD in 2013-11 TRY to SGD in 2013-10 TRY to SGD in 2013-09 TRY to SGD in 2013-08 TRY to SGD in 2013-07 TRY to SGD in 2013-06 TRY to SGD in 2013-05 TRY to SGD in 2013-04 TRY to SGD in 2013-03 TRY to SGD in 2013-02 TRY to SGD in 2013-01
TRY to SGD in 2012	TRY to SGD in 2012-12 TRY to SGD in 2012-11 TRY to SGD in 2012-10 TRY to SGD in 2012-09 TRY to SGD in 2012-08 TRY to SGD in 2012-07 TRY to SGD in 2012-06 TRY to SGD in 2012-05 TRY to SGD in 2012-04 TRY to SGD in 2012-03 TRY to SGD in 2012-02 TRY to SGD in 2012-01
TRY to SGD in 2011	TRY to SGD in 2011-12 TRY to SGD in 2011-11 TRY to SGD in 2011-10 TRY to SGD in 2011-09 TRY to SGD in 2011-08 TRY to SGD in 2011-07 TRY to SGD in 2011-06 TRY to SGD in 2011-05 TRY to SGD in 2011-04 TRY to SGD in 2011-03 TRY to SGD in 2011-02 TRY to SGD in 2011-01
TRY to SGD in 2010	TRY to SGD in 2010-12 TRY to SGD in 2010-11 TRY to SGD in 2010-10 TRY to SGD in 2010-09 TRY to SGD in 2010-08 TRY to SGD in 2010-07 TRY to SGD in 2010-06 TRY to SGD in 2010-05 TRY to SGD in 2010-04 TRY to SGD in 2010-03 TRY to SGD in 2010-02 TRY to SGD in 2010-01
TRY to SGD in 2009	TRY to SGD in 2009-12 TRY to SGD in 2009-11 TRY to SGD in 2009-10 TRY to SGD in 2009-09 TRY to SGD in 2009-08 TRY to SGD in 2009-07 TRY to SGD in 2009-06 TRY to SGD in 2009-05 TRY to SGD in 2009-04 TRY to SGD in 2009-03 TRY to SGD in 2009-02 TRY to SGD in 2009-01
TRY to SGD in 2008	TRY to SGD in 2008-12 TRY to SGD in 2008-11 TRY to SGD in 2008-10 TRY to SGD in 2008-09 TRY to SGD in 2008-08 TRY to SGD in 2008-07 TRY to SGD in 2008-06 TRY to SGD in 2008-05 TRY to SGD in 2008-04 TRY to SGD in 2008-03 TRY to SGD in 2008-02 TRY to SGD in 2008-01
TRY to SGD in 2007	TRY to SGD in 2007-12 TRY to SGD in 2007-11 TRY to SGD in 2007-10 TRY to SGD in 2007-09 TRY to SGD in 2007-08 TRY to SGD in 2007-07 TRY to SGD in 2007-06 TRY to SGD in 2007-05 TRY to SGD in 2007-04 TRY to SGD in 2007-03 TRY to SGD in 2007-02 TRY to SGD in 2007-01
TRY to SGD in 2006	TRY to SGD in 2006-12 TRY to SGD in 2006-11 TRY to SGD in 2006-10 TRY to SGD in 2006-09 TRY to SGD in 2006-08 TRY to SGD in 2006-07 TRY to SGD in 2006-06 TRY to SGD in 2006-05 TRY to SGD in 2006-04 TRY to SGD in 2006-03 TRY to SGD in 2006-02 TRY to SGD in 2006-01
TRY to SGD in 2005	TRY to SGD in 2005-12 TRY to SGD in 2005-11 TRY to SGD in 2005-10 TRY to SGD in 2005-09 TRY to SGD in 2005-08 TRY to SGD in 2005-07 TRY to SGD in 2005-06 TRY to SGD in 2005-05 TRY to SGD in 2005-04 TRY to SGD in 2005-03 TRY to SGD in 2005-02 TRY to SGD in 2005-01
TRY to SGD in 2004	TRY to SGD in 2004-12 TRY to SGD in 2004-11 TRY to SGD in 2004-10 TRY to SGD in 2004-09 TRY to SGD in 2004-08 TRY to SGD in 2004-07 TRY to SGD in 2004-06 TRY to SGD in 2004-05 TRY to SGD in 2004-04 TRY to SGD in 2004-03 TRY to SGD in 2004-02 TRY to SGD in 2004-01
TRY to SGD in 2003	TRY to SGD in 2003-12 TRY to SGD in 2003-11 TRY to SGD in 2003-10 TRY to SGD in 2003-09 TRY to SGD in 2003-08 TRY to SGD in 2003-07 TRY to SGD in 2003-06 TRY to SGD in 2003-05 TRY to SGD in 2003-04 TRY to SGD in 2003-03 TRY to SGD in 2003-02 TRY to SGD in 2003-01
TRY to SGD in 2002	TRY to SGD in 2002-12 TRY to SGD in 2002-11 TRY to SGD in 2002-10 TRY to SGD in 2002-09 TRY to SGD in 2002-08 TRY to SGD in 2002-07 TRY to SGD in 2002-06 TRY to SGD in 2002-05 TRY to SGD in 2002-04 TRY to SGD in 2002-03 TRY to SGD in 2002-02 TRY to SGD in 2002-01
TRY to SGD in 2001	TRY to SGD in 2001-12 TRY to SGD in 2001-11 TRY to SGD in 2001-10 TRY to SGD in 2001-09 TRY to SGD in 2001-08 TRY to SGD in 2001-07 TRY to SGD in 2001-06 TRY to SGD in 2001-05 TRY to SGD in 2001-04 TRY to SGD in 2001-03 TRY to SGD in 2001-02 TRY to SGD in 2001-01
TRY to SGD in 2000	TRY to SGD in 2000-12 TRY to SGD in 2000-11 TRY to SGD in 2000-10 TRY to SGD in 2000-09 TRY to SGD in 2000-08 TRY to SGD in 2000-07 TRY to SGD in 2000-06 TRY to SGD in 2000-05 TRY to SGD in 2000-04 TRY to SGD in 2000-03 TRY to SGD in 2000-02 TRY to SGD in 2000-01

All TRY Exchange Rates Now

Exchange	Rate	Exchange	Rate	Exchange	Rate
TRY to AED rate	0.18344 ▼	TRY to ALL rate	5.15396 ▼	TRY to ANG rate	0.0902 ▼
TRY to ARS rate	11.79878 ▲	TRY to AUD rate	0.0766 ▼	TRY to AWG rate	0.09004 ▼
TRY to BBD rate	0.09991 ▼	TRY to BDT rate	5.3659 ▼	TRY to BGN rate	0.09108 ▼
TRY to BHD rate	0.01883 ▼	TRY to BIF rate	141.13572 ▼	TRY to BMD rate	0.04995 ▼
TRY to BND rate	0.06763 ▼	TRY to BOB rate	0.34585 ▼	TRY to BRL rate	0.24948 ▼
TRY to BSD rate	0.04995 ▼	TRY to BTN rate	4.13435 ▼	TRY to BZD rate	0.10088 ▼
TRY to CAD rate	0.06799 ▼	TRY to CHF rate	0.04523 ▼	TRY to CLP rate	40.18235 ▲
TRY to CNY rate	0.35291 ▼	TRY to COP rate	224.98656 ▼	TRY to CRC rate	26.87607 ▼
TRY to CZK rate	1.10446 ▼	TRY to DKK rate	0.34692 ▼	TRY to DOP rate	2.73791 ▲
TRY to DZD rate	6.83025 ▼	TRY to EGP rate	1.54376 ▼	TRY to ETB rate	2.73214 ▲
TRY to EUR rate	0.04658 ▼	TRY to FJD rate	0.11252 ▼	TRY to GBP rate	0.04045 ▼
TRY to GMD rate	2.97726 ▼	TRY to GNF rate	430.25136 ▼	TRY to GTQ rate	0.39061 ▼
TRY to HKD rate	0.39136 ▼	TRY to HNL rate	1.23071 ▼	TRY to HRK rate	0.35095 ▼
TRY to HTG rate	7.08186 ▼	TRY to HUF rate	17.28426 ▼	TRY to IDR rate	749.71719 ▼
TRY to ILS rate	0.18599 ▼	TRY to INR rate	4.12484 ▼	TRY to IQD rate	65.56444 ▼
TRY to IRR rate	2113.05652 ▼	TRY to ISK rate	6.96565 ▼	TRY to JMD rate	7.75772 ▲
TRY to JOD rate	0.03544 ▼	TRY to JPY rate	7.02352 ▼	TRY to KES rate	6.85642 ▼
TRY to KMF rate	22.95138 ▼	TRY to KRW rate	66.11067 ▼	TRY to KWD rate	0.01537 ▼
TRY to KYD rate	0.04171 ▼	TRY to KZT rate	22.2503 ▼	TRY to LBP rate	751.23757 ▼
TRY to LKR rate	14.88896 ▼	TRY to LSL rate	0.98088 ▲	TRY to MAD rate	0.50867 ▼
TRY to MDL rate	0.89146 ▲	TRY to MKD rate	2.86973 ▼	TRY to MNT rate	175.78832 ▼
TRY to MOP rate	0.40393 ▼	TRY to MUR rate	2.27532 ▼	TRY to MVR rate	0.7643 ▼
TRY to MWK rate	51.37186 ▲	TRY to MXN rate	0.88073 ▼	TRY to MYR rate	0.22984 ▼
TRY to NAD rate	0.9816 ▼	TRY to NGN rate	23.05827 ▼	TRY to NIO rate	1.83055 ▲
TRY to NOK rate	0.55329 ▼	TRY to NPR rate	6.61495 ▼	TRY to NZD rate	0.08256 ▼
TRY to OMR rate	0.01923 ▼	TRY to PAB rate	0.04995 ▼	TRY to PEN rate	0.18456 ▲
TRY to PGK rate	0.17761 ▲	TRY to PHP rate	2.79289 ▼	TRY to PKR rate	14.26925 ▼
TRY to PLN rate	0.21101 ▼	TRY to PYG rate	360.93851 ▼	TRY to QAR rate	0.182 ▼
TRY to RON rate	0.23116 ▼	TRY to RUB rate	3.94615 ▼	TRY to RWF rate	56.33247 ▼
TRY to SAR rate	0.18735 ▼	TRY to SBD rate	0.41631 ▼	TRY to SCR rate	0.66391 ▼
TRY to SEK rate	0.5394 ▼	TRY to SGD rate	0.06759 ▼	TRY to SLL rate	882.43838 ▼
TRY to SVC rate	0.43794 ▼	TRY to SZL rate	0.9796 ▼	TRY to THB rate	1.73525 ▼
TRY to TND rate	0.15471 ▼	TRY to TOP rate	0.11896 ▼	TRY to TTD rate	0.3397 ▼
TRY to TWD rate	1.53322 ▼	TRY to TZS rate	118.36604 ▼	TRY to UAH rate	1.8484 ▼
TRY to UGX rate	186.596 ▼	TRY to USD rate	0.04995 ▼	TRY to UYU rate	1.93804 ▼
TRY to VUV rate	5.94348 ▼	TRY to WST rate	0.13615 ▼	TRY to XAF rate	30.55614 ▼
TRY to XCD rate	0.135 ▼	TRY to XOF rate	30.55614 ▼	TRY to XPF rate	5.55878 ▼
TRY to YER rate	12.506 ▼	TRY to ZAR rate	0.9816 ▼

Top

TRY to SGD Live Rate

TRY to SGD Rate Chart

TRY Popular Exchange Rates(today)

Economic indicators of Turkey and Singapore

TRY to SGD Historical Rates(table)

TRY to SGD Handy Conversion

Comparison between Turkey and Singapore

Background comparison between [Turkey] and [Singapore]

Geography comparison between [Turkey] and [Singapore]

People comparison between [Turkey] and [Singapore]

Government comparison between [Turkey] and [Singapore]

Economy comparison between [Turkey] and [Singapore]

Energy comparison between [Turkey] and [Singapore]

Communications comparison between [Turkey] and [Singapore]

Transportation comparison between [Turkey] and [Singapore]

Military comparison between [Turkey] and [Singapore]

Transnational comparison between [Turkey] and [Singapore]

TRY to SGD Historical Rates

All TRY Exchange Rates Now