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TRY to HKD Live Rate

Last updated May, 28 19:09 (GMT -4:00)

1 TRY = 0.391 HKD

Prev. Close: 0.3922 Day's Range: 0.3896 - 0.3926

₺

TRY

HKD

TRY Popular Exchange Rates(today)

Exchange	Rate	Last day
TRY to GBP rate	0.04056 ▲	0.0405
TRY to EUR rate	0.04672 ▲	0.0466
TRY to AUD rate	0.07676 ▼	0.0766
TRY to CAD rate	0.06815 ▼	0.0681
TRY to USD rate	0.05008 ▲	0.05
TRY to NZD rate	0.08282 ▲	0.0826
TRY to DKK rate	0.34797 ▲	0.3474
TRY to AED rate	0.18379 ▼	0.1835
TRY to NOK rate	0.555 ▼	0.554
TRY to SEK rate	0.54109 ▼	0.5394
TRY to CHF rate	0.04535 ▼	0.0452
TRY to JPY rate	7.05022 ▲	7.022
TRY to HKD rate	0.39223 ▲	0.3922
TRY to MXN rate	0.88246 ▼	0.8817
TRY to SGD rate	0.06775 ▲	0.0676
TRY to ZAR rate	0.98399 ▼	0.9816

Economic indicators of Turkey and Hong Kong SAR (China)

Indicator	Turkey	Hong Kong SAR (China)
Private Consumption	-	514,282 Mil. HKD, NSA, Quarterly; 2022 Q4
Real Private Consumption	-	479,279 Mil. Ch. 2020 HKD, SA, Quarterly; 2022 Q4
Nominal GDP	-	738,941 Mil. HKD, NSA, Quarterly; 2022 Q4
Real GDP	-	675,577 Mil. Ch. 2020 HKD, SA, Quarterly; 2022 Q4
Investment	-	134,326,000,000 HKD, NSA, Quarterly; 2020 Q4
Consumer Price Index (CPI)	-	104.8 Index Oct2019 to Sep2020=100, SA, Monthly; Mar 2023
Producer Price Index (PPI)	-	110.7 Index 2015=100, NSA, Quarterly; 2022 Q4
Unemployment Rate	-	3.1 % 3-mo. MA, SA, Monthly; Mar 2023
Imports of Goods	-	407,754 Mil. HKD, NSA, Monthly; Mar 2023
Exports of Goods	-	367,159 Mil. HKD, NSA, Monthly; Mar 2023
Net Exports	-	32,160 Mil. HKD, NSA, Quarterly; 2022 Q4
Lending Rate	-	5.63 % p.a, NSA, Monthly; Apr 2023
Retail Sales	-	120.2 Index Oct2019 to Sep2020=100, NSA, Monthly; Mar 2023

TRY to HKD Historical Rates(table)

Date	Open	Highest	Lowest	Close
TRY to HKD (2023-05-28)	0.3909	0.3922	0.3926	0.3896
TRY to HKD (2023-05-26)	0.3914	0.3929	0.3954	0.3884
TRY to HKD (2023-05-25)	0.3929	0.3935	0.3961	0.3909
TRY to HKD (2023-05-24)	0.3934	0.3947	0.3968	0.3914
TRY to HKD (2023-05-23)	0.3944	0.3947	0.3974	0.3855
TRY to HKD (2023-05-22)	0.3945	0.3943	0.3975	0.3880
TRY to HKD (2023-05-19)	0.3950	0.3954	0.3979	0.3920
TRY to HKD (2023-05-18)	0.3952	0.3963	0.3990	0.3933
TRY to HKD (2023-05-17)	0.3961	0.3974	0.4002	0.3941
TRY to HKD (2023-05-16)	0.3973	0.3985	0.4006	0.3953
TRY to HKD (2023-05-15)	0.3981	0.3998	0.4025	0.3963
TRY to HKD (2023-05-12)	0.4002	0.4009	0.4040	0.3974
TRY to HKD (2023-05-11)	0.4004	0.4007	0.4035	0.3978
TRY to HKD (2023-05-10)	0.4006	0.4016	0.4042	0.3983
TRY to HKD (2023-05-09)	0.4011	0.4024	0.4045	0.3996
TRY to HKD (2023-05-08)	0.4022	0.4020	0.4053	0.3997
TRY to HKD (2023-05-05)	0.4020	0.4026	0.4051	0.4001
TRY to HKD (2023-05-04)	0.4024	0.4031	0.4054	0.4005
TRY to HKD (2023-05-03)	0.4028	0.4031	0.4054	0.4008
TRY to HKD (2023-05-02)	0.4027	0.4034	0.4057	0.4010
TRY to HKD (2023-05-01)	0.4028	0.4035	0.4057	0.4017
TRY to HKD (2023-04-28)	0.4035	0.4038	0.4060	0.4013

TRY to HKD Handy Conversion

1 TRY = 0.391 HKD

2 TRY = 0.782 HKD

3 TRY = 1.173 HKD

4 TRY = 1.564 HKD

5 TRY = 1.955 HKD

6 TRY = 2.346 HKD

7 TRY = 2.737 HKD

8 TRY = 3.128 HKD

9 TRY = 3.519 HKD

10 TRY = 3.91 HKD

15 TRY = 5.865 HKD

20 TRY = 7.82 HKD

25 TRY = 9.775 HKD

50 TRY = 19.55 HKD

100 TRY = 39.1 HKD

200 TRY = 78.2 HKD

250 TRY = 97.75 HKD

500 TRY = 195.5 HKD

750 TRY = 293.25 HKD

1000 TRY = 391 HKD

1500 TRY = 586.5 HKD

2000 TRY = 782 HKD

5000 TRY = 1955 HKD

10000 TRY = 3910 HKD

Comparison between Turkey and Hong Kong SAR (China)

Background comparison between [Turkey] and [Hong Kong SAR (China)]

Turkey	Hong Kong SAR (China)
Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk or "Father of the Turks." Under his leadership, the country adopted radical social, legal, and political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950 election victory of the opposition Democrat Party and the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, but democracy has been fractured by periods of instability and military coups (1960, 1971, 1980), which in each case eventually resulted in a return of formal political power to civilians. In 1997, the military again helped engineer the ouster - popularly dubbed a "post-modern coup" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. A coup attempt was made in July 2016 by a faction of the Turkish Armed Forces. Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist insurgency begun in 1984 by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), a US-designated terrorist organization, has long dominated the attention of Turkish security forces and claimed more than 40,000 lives. In 2013, the Turkish Government and the PKK conducted negotiations aimed at ending the violence, however intense fighting resumed in 2015. Turkey joined the UN in 1945 and in 1952 it became a member of NATO. In 1963, Turkey became an associate member of the European Community; it began accession talks with the EU in 2005. Over the past decade, economic reforms, coupled with some political reforms, have contributed to a growing economy, although economic growth slowed in recent years. From 2015 and continuing through 2016, Turkey witnessed an uptick in terrorist violence, including major attacks in Ankara, Istanbul, and throughout the predominantly Kurdish southeastern region of Turkey. On 15 July 2016, elements of the Turkish Armed forces attempted a coup that ultimately failed following widespread popular resistance. More than 240 people were killed and over 2,000 injured when Turkish citizens took to the streets en masse to confront the coup forces. In response, Turkish Government authorities arrested, suspended, or dismissed more than 100,000 security personnel, journalists, judges, academics, and civil servants due to their alleged connection with the attempted coup. The government accused followers of an Islamic transnational religious and social movement for allegedly instigating the failed coup and designates the followers as terrorists. Following the failed coup, the Turkish Government instituted a State of Emergency in July 2016 that has been extended to July 2017. The Turkish Government conducted a referendum on 16 April 2017 that will, when implemented, change Turkey from a parliamentary to a presidential system.	Occupied by the UK in 1841, Hong Kong was formally ceded by China the following year; various adjacent lands were added later in the 19th century. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and the UK on 19 December 1984, Hong Kong became the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China on 1 July 1997. In this agreement, China promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system would not be imposed on Hong Kong and that Hong Kong would enjoy a "high degree of autonomy" in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the subsequent 50 years.

Turkey

Hong Kong SAR (China)

Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk or "Father of the Turks." Under his leadership, the country adopted radical social, legal, and political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950 election victory of the opposition Democrat Party and the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, but democracy has been fractured by periods of instability and military coups (1960, 1971, 1980), which in each case eventually resulted in a return of formal political power to civilians. In 1997, the military again helped engineer the ouster - popularly dubbed a "post-modern coup" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. A coup attempt was made in July 2016 by a faction of the Turkish Armed Forces.

Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist insurgency begun in 1984 by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), a US-designated terrorist organization, has long dominated the attention of Turkish security forces and claimed more than 40,000 lives. In 2013, the Turkish Government and the PKK conducted negotiations aimed at ending the violence, however intense fighting resumed in 2015. Turkey joined the UN in 1945 and in 1952 it became a member of NATO. In 1963, Turkey became an associate member of the European Community; it began accession talks with the EU in 2005. Over the past decade, economic reforms, coupled with some political reforms, have contributed to a growing economy, although economic growth slowed in recent years.

From 2015 and continuing through 2016, Turkey witnessed an uptick in terrorist violence, including major attacks in Ankara, Istanbul, and throughout the predominantly Kurdish southeastern region of Turkey. On 15 July 2016, elements of the Turkish Armed forces attempted a coup that ultimately failed following widespread popular resistance. More than 240 people were killed and over 2,000 injured when Turkish citizens took to the streets en masse to confront the coup forces. In response, Turkish Government authorities arrested, suspended, or dismissed more than 100,000 security personnel, journalists, judges, academics, and civil servants due to their alleged connection with the attempted coup. The government accused followers of an Islamic transnational religious and social movement for allegedly instigating the failed coup and designates the followers as terrorists. Following the failed coup, the Turkish Government instituted a State of Emergency in July 2016 that has been extended to July 2017. The Turkish Government conducted a referendum on 16 April 2017 that will, when implemented, change Turkey from a parliamentary to a presidential system.

Occupied by the UK in 1841, Hong Kong was formally ceded by China the following year; various adjacent lands were added later in the 19th century. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and the UK on 19 December 1984, Hong Kong became the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China on 1 July 1997. In this agreement, China promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system would not be imposed on Hong Kong and that Hong Kong would enjoy a "high degree of autonomy" in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the subsequent 50 years.

Geography comparison between [Turkey] and [Hong Kong SAR (China)]

	Turkey	Hong Kong SAR (China)
Location	Southeastern Europe and Southwestern Asia (that portion of Turkey west of the Bosporus is geographically part of Europe), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria	Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China
Geographic coordinates	39 00 N, 35 00 E	22 15 N, 114 10 E
Map references	Middle East	Southeast Asia
Area	total: 783,562 sq km land: 769,632 sq km water: 13,930 sq km country comparison to the world: 38	total: 1,108 sq km land: 1,073 sq km water: 35 sq km country comparison to the world: 184
Land boundaries	total: 2,816 km border countries (8): Armenia 311 km, Azerbaijan 17 km, Bulgaria 223 km, Georgia 273 km, Greece 192 km, Iran 534 km, Iraq 367 km, Syria 899 km	total: 33 km regional border(s) (1): China 33 km
Coastline	7,200 km	733 km
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 6 nm in the Aegean Sea; 12 nm in Black Sea and in Mediterranean Sea exclusive economic zone: in Black Sea only: to the maritime boundary agreed upon with the former USSR	territorial sea: 12 nm
Climate	temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior	subtropical monsoon; cool and humid in winter, hot and rainy from spring through summer, warm and sunny in fall
Terrain	high central plateau (Anatolia); narrow coastal plain; several mountain ranges	hilly to mountainous with steep slopes; lowlands in north
Elevation	mean elevation: 1,132 m elevation extremes: lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Ararat 5,137 m	mean elevation: NA elevation extremes: lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Tai Mo Shan 958 m
Natural resources	coal, iron ore, copper, chromium, antimony, mercury, gold, barite, borate, celestite (strontium), emery, feldspar, limestone, magnesite, marble, perlite, pumice, pyrites (sulfur), clay, arable land, hydropower	outstanding deepwater harbor, feldspar
Land use	agricultural land: 49.7% arable land 26.7%; permanent crops 4%; permanent pasture 19% forest: 14.9% other: 35.4% (2011 est.)	agricultural land: 5% arable land 3.2%; permanent crops 0.9%; permanent pasture 0.9% forest: 0% other: 95% (2011 est.)
Irrigated land	52,150 sq km (2012)	10 sq km (2012)
Population - distribution	the most densely populated area is found around the Bosporus in the northwest where 20% of the population lives in Istanbul; with the exception of Ankara, urban centers remain small and scattered throughout the interior of Anatolia; an overall pattern of peripheral development exists, particularly along the Aegean Sea coast in the west, and the Tigris and Euphrates River systems in the southeast	population fairly evenly distributed
Natural hazards	severe earthquakes, especially in northern Turkey, along an arc extending from the Sea of Marmara to Lake Van; landslides; flooding volcanism: limited volcanic activity; its three historically active volcanoes; Ararat, Nemrut Dagi, and Tendurek Dagi have not erupted since the 19th century or earlier	occasional typhoons
Environment - current issues	water pollution from dumping of chemicals and detergents; air pollution, particularly in urban areas; deforestation; concern for oil spills from increasing Bosporus ship traffic	air and water pollution from rapid urbanization
Environment - international agreements	party to: Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification	party to: Marine Dumping (associate member), Ship Pollution (associate member)
Geography - note	strategic location controlling the Turkish Straits (Bosporus, Sea of Marmara, Dardanelles) that link the Black and Aegean Seas; the 3% of Turkish territory north of the Straits lies in Europe and goes by the names of European Turkey, Eastern Thrace, or Turkish Thrace; the 97% of the country in Asia is referred to as Anatolia; Mount Ararat, the legendary landing place of Noah's ark, is in the far eastern portion of the country	consists of a mainland area (the New Territories) and more than 200 islands
Area - comparative	-	six times the size of Washington, DC

People comparison between [Turkey] and [Hong Kong SAR (China)]

	Turkey	Hong Kong SAR (China)
Population	80,845,215 (July 2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 18	7,191,503 (July 2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 100
Nationality	noun: Turk(s) adjective: Turkish	noun: Chinese/Hong Konger adjective: Chinese/Hong Kong
Ethnic groups	Turkish 70-75%, Kurdish 19%, other minorities 7-12% (2016 est.)	Chinese 92%, Filipino 2.5%, Indonesian 2.1%, other 3.4% (2016 est.)
Languages	Turkish (official), Kurdish, other minority languages	Cantonese (official) 88.9%, English (official) 4.3%, Mandarin (official) 1.9%, other Chinese dialects 3.1%, other 1.9% (2016 est.)
Religions	Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni), other 0.2% (mostly Christians and Jews)	Buddhist or Taoist 27.9%, Protestant 6.7%, Roman Catholic 5.3%, Muslim 4.2%, Hindu 1.4%, Sikh 0.2%, other or none 54.3% note: many people practice Confucianism, regardless of their religion or not having a religious affiliation (2016 est.)
Dependency ratios	total dependency ratio: 50.1 youth dependency ratio: 38.4 elderly dependency ratio: 11.7 potential support ratio: 8.5 (2015 est.)	total dependency ratio: 35.9 youth dependency ratio: 15.2 elderly dependency ratio: 20.7 potential support ratio: 4.8 (2015 est.)
Median age	total: 30.9 years male: 30.5 years female: 31.4 years (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 110	total: 44.4 years male: 43.5 years female: 45 years (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 8
Population growth rate	0.52% (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 153	0.32% (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 166
Birth rate	15.7 births/1,000 population (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 119	8.9 births/1,000 population (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 208
Death rate	6 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 165	7.4 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 117
Net migration rate	-4.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 185	1.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 51
Population distribution	the most densely populated area is found around the Bosporus in the northwest where 20% of the population lives in Istanbul; with the exception of Ankara, urban centers remain small and scattered throughout the interior of Anatolia; an overall pattern of peripheral development exists, particularly along the Aegean Sea coast in the west, and the Tigris and Euphrates River systems in the southeast	population fairly evenly distributed
Urbanization	urban population: 74.4% of total population (2017) rate of urbanization: 1.54% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)	urban population: 100% of total population (2017) rate of urbanization: 0.64% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)
Major urban areas - population	Istanbul 14.164 million; ANKARA (capital) 4.75 million; Izmir 3.04 million; Bursa 1.923 million; Adana 1.83 million; Gaziantep 1.528 million (2015)	Hong Kong 7.26 million (2014)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2017 est.)	at birth: 1.1 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.12 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 0.74 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female total population: 0.87 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth	22.3 years (2010 est.)	29.8 years (2008 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio	16 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 134	-
Infant mortality rate	total: 17.6 deaths/1,000 live births male: 18.8 deaths/1,000 live births female: 16.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 91	total: 2.7 deaths/1,000 live births male: 3 deaths/1,000 live births female: 2.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 216
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 75 years male: 72.7 years female: 77.5 years (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 113	total population: 83 years male: 80.4 years female: 85.9 years (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 7
Total fertility rate	2.01 children born/woman (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 118	1.19 children born/woman (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 221
Contraceptive prevalence rate	73.5% (2013)	74.8% (2012)
Health expenditures	5.4% of GDP (2014) country comparison to the world: 131	-
Physicians density	1.75 physicians/1,000 population (2014)	1.91 physicians/1,000 population (2016)
Hospital bed density	2.7 beds/1,000 population (2013)	5.33 beds/1,000 population (2016)
Drinking water source	improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2015 est.)	-
Sanitation facility access	improved: urban: 98.3% of population rural: 85.5% of population total: 94.9% of population unimproved: urban: 1.7% of population rural: 14.5% of population total: 5.1% of population (2015 est.)	-
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate	NA	-
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS	NA	NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths	NA	NA
Obesity - adult prevalence rate	32.1% (2016) country comparison to the world: 17	-
Children under the age of 5 years underweight	1.9% (2013) country comparison to the world: 123	-
Education expenditures	4.4% of GDP (2014) country comparison to the world: 142	3.3% of GDP (2017) country comparison to the world: 124
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 95.6% male: 98.6% female: 92.6% (2015 est.)	-
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)	total: 16 years male: 17 years female: 16 years (2013)	total: 16 years male: 16 years female: 16 years (2014)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24	total: 18.5% male: 16.5% female: 22.2% (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 72	total: 9.9% male: 10.9% female: 8.5% (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 129

Government comparison between [Turkey] and [Hong Kong SAR (China)]

	Turkey	Hong Kong SAR (China)
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Turkey conventional short form: Turkey local long form: Turkiye Cumhuriyeti local short form: Turkiye etymology: the name means "Land of the Turks"	conventional long form: Hong Kong Special Administrative Region conventional short form: Hong Kong local long form: Heung Kong Takpit Hangching Ku (Eitel/Dyer-Ball); Xianggang Tebie Xingzhengqu (Hanyu Pinyin) local short form: Heung Kong (Eitel/Dyer-Ball); Xianggang (Hanyu Pinyin) abbreviation: HK etymology: probably an imprecise phonetic rendering of the Cantonese name meaning "fragrant harbor"
Government type	parliamentary republic	presidential limited democracy; a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China
Capital	name: Ankara geographic coordinates: 39 56 N, 32 52 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)	-
Administrative divisions	81 provinces (iller, singular - ili); Adana, Adiyaman, Afyonkarahisar, Agri, Aksaray, Amasya, Ankara, Antalya, Ardahan, Artvin, Aydin, Balikesir, Bartin, Batman, Bayburt, Bilecik, Bingol, Bitlis, Bolu, Burdur, Bursa, Canakkale, Cankiri, Corum, Denizli, Diyarbakir, Duzce, Edirne, Elazig, Erzincan, Erzurum, Eskisehir, Gaziantep, Giresun, Gumushane, Hakkari, Hatay, Igdir, Isparta, Istanbul, Izmir (Smyrna), Kahramanmaras, Karabuk, Karaman, Kars, Kastamonu, Kayseri, Kilis, Kirikkale, Kirklareli, Kirsehir, Kocaeli, Konya, Kutahya, Malatya, Manisa, Mardin, Mersin, Mugla, Mus, Nevsehir, Nigde, Ordu, Osmaniye, Rize, Sakarya, Samsun, Sanliurfa, Siirt, Sinop, Sirnak, Sivas, Tekirdag, Tokat, Trabzon (Trebizond), Tunceli, Usak, Van, Yalova, Yozgat, Zonguldak	none (special administrative region of the People's Republic of China)
Independence	29 October 1923 (republic proclaimed succeeding the Ottoman Empire)	none (special administrative region of China)
National holiday	Republic Day, 29 October (1923)	National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 1 July (1997) is celebrated as Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Establishment Day
Constitution	history: several previous; latest ratified 9 November 1982 amendments: proposed by written consent of at least one-third of Grand National Assembly (GNA) members; adoption of draft amendments requires two debates in plenary GNA session and three-fifths majority vote of all GNA members; the president of the republic can request GNA reconsideration of the amendment and, if readopted by two-thirds majority GNA vote, the president may submit the amendment to a referendum; passage by referendum requires absolute majority vote; amended several times, last in 2017 (2018)	history: several previous (governance documents while under British authority); latest drafted April 1988 to February 1989, approved March 1990, effective 1 July 1997 (Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China serves as the constitution); note - since 1990, China's National People's Congress has interpreted specific articles of the Basic Law amendments: proposed by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPC), the People’s Republic of China State Council, and the Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong; submittal of proposals to the NPC requires two-thirds majority vote by the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, approval by two-thirds of Hong Kong’s deputies to the NPC, and approval by the Hong Kong chief executive; final passage requires approval by the NPC
Legal system	civil law system based on various European legal systems, notably the Swiss civil code	mixed legal system of common law based on the English model and Chinese customary law (in matters of family and land tenure)
International law organization participation	has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt	-
Citizenship	citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Turkey dual citizenship recognized: yes, but requires prior permission from the government residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years	see China
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age in direct elections for half of the Legislative Council seats and all of the seats in 18 district councils; universal for permanent residents living in the territory of Hong Kong for the past 7 years; note - in indirect elections, suffrage is limited to about 220,000 members of functional constituencies for the other half of the legislature and a 1,200-member election committee for the chief executive drawn from broad sectoral groupings, central government bodies, municipal organizations, and elected Hong Kong officials
Executive branch	chief of state: President Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (since 10 August 2014) head of government: Prime Minister Binali YILDIRIM (since 22 May 2016); Deputy Prime Ministers Recep AKDAG (since 20 July 2017), Bekir BOZDAG (since 20 July 2017), Hakan CAVUSOGLU (since 20 July 2017), Fikri ISIK (since 20 July 2017), Mehmet SIMSEK (since 24 November 2015) cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president (until the next parliamentary or presidential election following the April 2017 referendum) elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president from among members of parliament; note - a 2007 constitutional amendment changed the presidential electoral process to direct popular vote; prime minister appointed by the president from among members of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey; election last held on 10 August 2014 (next to be held on 24 June 2018) election results: Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN elected president; Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (AKP) 51.8%, Ekmeleddin IHSANOGLU (independent) 38.4%, Selahattin DEMIRTAS (HDP) 9.8%	chief of state: President of China XI Jinping (since 14 March 2013) head of government: Chief Executive Carrie LAM (since 1 July 2017) cabinet: Executive Council or ExCo appointed by the chief executive elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by National People's Congress for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 5-17 March 2013 (next to be held in March 2018); chief executive indirectly elected by the Election Committee and appointed by the PRC Government for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 26 March 2017 (next to be held in 2022) election results: Carrie LAM elected chief executive; Election Committee vote - Carrie LAM 777, John TSANG 365, WOO Kwok-hing 21, invalid 23 note: the Legislative Council voted in June 2010 to expand the Election Committee to 1,200 members
Legislative branch	description: unicameral Grand National Assembly of Turkey or Turkiye Buyuk Millet Meclisi (550 seats - will increase to 600 at November 2018 election); members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms - term increased to 5 years beginning with November 2018 election) elections: last held on 1 November 2015 (next to be held on 24 June 2018) election results: percent of vote by party - AKP 49.5%, CHP 25.3%, MHP 11.9%, HDP 10.8%, other 2.5%; seats by party - AKP 317, CHP 134, HDP 59, MHP 40, ; note - only parties surpassing the 10% threshold can win parliamentary seats	description: unicameral Legislative Council or LegCo (70 seats; 35 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote; 30 members indirectly elected by the approximately 220,000 members of various functional constituencies based on a variety of methods; five at large “super-seat” members directly elected by all of Hong Kong’s eligible voters who do not participate in a functional constituency; members serve 4-year terms) elections: last held on 4 September 2016; (next to be held in September 2020); note - by-election to be held on 11 March 2018 to fill 4 seats left vacant after 4 legislators were removed from office election results: percent of vote by block - pro-democracy 36.0%; pro-Beijing 40.2%, localist 19.0%, other 4.8%; seats by block/party - pro-Beijing 40 (DAB 12, BPA 7, FTU 5, Liberal Party 4, NPP 3, other 9); pro-democracy 23 (Democratic Party 7, Civic Party 6, PP-LSD 2, Professional Commons 2, Labor 1, NWSC 1, PTU 1, other democrats 3), localists 6 (ALLin HK 2, CP-PPI-HKRO 1, Demosisto 1, Democracy Groundwork 1, other localist 1), non-aligned independent 1; note - 2 localists were barred from taking office in November 2016 and 4 pro-democracy legislators were removed in July 2017
Judicial branch	highest court: Constitutional Court or Anayasa Mahkemesi (consists of 17 members - a constitutional referendum held in 2017 approved an amendment to reduce to 15 from 17 the number of Constitutional Court judges); Court of Cassation (consists of about 390 judges and is organized into civil and penal chambers); Council of State (organized into 15 divisions - 14 judicial and 1 consultative - each with a division head and at least 5 members) judge selection and term of office: Constitutional Court members - 3 appointed by the Grand National Assembly and 12 by the president of the republic; court president and 2 deputy presidents appointed from among its members for 4-year terms; judges appointed for 12-year, nonrenewable terms with mandatory retirement at age 65; Court of Cassation judges appointed by the Board of Judges and Prosecutors, a 13-member body of judicial officials; Court of Cassation judges appointed until retirement at age 65; Council of State members appointed by the Board and by the president of the republic; members appointed for renewable, 4-year terms subordinate courts: regional appeals courts; basic (first instance) courts, peace courts; military courts; state security courts; specialized courts, including administrative and audit; note - a constitutional amendment in 2017 abolished military courts unless established to investigate military personnel actions during war conditions	highest court(s): Court of Final Appeal (consists of the chief justice, 3 permanent judges, and 20 non-permanent judges); note - a sitting bench consists of the chief justice and 3 permanent judges and 1 non-permanent judge judge selection and term of office: all judges appointed by the Hong Kong Chief Executive upon the recommendation of the Judicial Officers Recommendation Commission, an independent body consisting of the Secretary for Justice, other judges, and judicial and legal professionals; permanent judges appointed until normal retirement at age 65, but can be extended; non-permanent judges appointed for renewable 3-year terms without age limit subordinate courts: High Court (consists of the Court of Appeal and Court of First Instance); District Courts (includes Family and Land Courts); magistrates' courts; specialized tribunals
Political parties and leaders	Democrat Party or DP [Gultekin UYSAL] Democratic Left Party or DSP [Onder AKSAKAL] Felicity Party or SP [Temel KARAMOLLAOGLU] Good Party or IYI [Meral AKSENER] Grand Unity Party or BBP [Mustafa DESTICI] Justice and Development Party or AKP [Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN] Nationalist Movement Party or MHP [Devlet BAHCELI] Patriotic Party or VP [Dogu PERINCEK] People's Democratic Party or HDP [Selahattin DEMIRTAS and Serpil KEMALBAY]; note - DEMIRTAS was detained by Turkish authorities in November 2016 over his alleged links to the PKK Republican People's Party or CHP [Kemal KILICDAROGLU] True Path Party or DYP [Cetin OZACIRGOZ]	parties: ALLinHK (alliance of 6 localist groups) Business and Professional Alliance or BPA [LO Wai-kwok] Civic Party [Alvin YEUNG] Civic Passion or CP [CHENG Chung-tai] (part of Civic Passion-Proletariat Political Institute-Hong Kong Resurgence Order alliance or CP-PPI-HKRO that dissolved after the 2016 election) Democracy Groundwork [LAU Siu-lai] Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong or DAB [Starry LEE Wai-king] Democratic Party [WU Chi-wai] Demosisto [Nathan LAW] Federation of Trade Unions or FTU [Stanley NG Chau-pei] Labor Party [Steven Kwok Wing-kin] League of Social Democrats or LSD [Avery NG Man-yuen] Liberal Party [Felix CHUNG Kwok-pan] Neighborhood and Workers Service Center or NWSC [LEUNG Yui-chung] New People's Party or NPP [Regina IP Lau Su-yee] People Power or PP [Raymond CHAN] Youngspiration [Sixtus "Baggio" LEUNG Chung-hang] others: Professional Commons (think tank) [Charles Peter MOK] Professional Teachers Union or PTU note: political blocks include: pro-democracy - Civic Party, Democratic Party, Labor Party, LSD, NWSC, PP, Professional Commons, PTU; pro-Beijing - DAB, FTU, Liberal Party, NPP, BPA; localist - ALLinHK, CP, Democracy Groundwork, Demosisto; there is no political party ordinance, so there are no registered political parties; politically active groups register as societies or companies
Political pressure groups and leaders	Confederation of Public Sector Unions or KESK [Mehmet BOZGEYIK, Aysun GEZEN, cochairs] Confederation of Revolutionary Workers Unions or DISK [Kani BEKO] Independent Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association or MUSIAD [Abfuttahman KAAN] Moral Rights Workers Union or Hak-Is [Mahmut ARSLAN] Turkish Confederation of Employer Associations or TISK [Kudret ONEN] Turkish Confederation of Labor Unions or Turk-Is [Ergun ATALAY] Turkish Confederation of Tradesmen and Craftsmen or TESK [Bendevi PALANDOKEN] Turkish Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association or TUSIAD [Erol BILECIK] Turkish Union of Chambers of Commerce and Commodity Exchanges or TOBB [M. Rifat HISARCIKLIOGLU]	Chinese General Chamber of Commerce (pro-China) Chinese Manufacturers' Association of Hong Kong Civic Act-up (pro-democracy) Federation of Hong Kong Industries Hong Kong Alliance in Support of the Patriotic Democratic Movement in China [Albert HO] (pro-China) Hong Kong and Kowloon Trade Union Council or HKTUC (pro-democracy) Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce or HKGCC Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union or HKPTU [FUNG Wai-wah]
International organization participation	ADB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CERN (observer), CICA, CPLP (associate observer), D-8, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EU (candidate country), FAO, FATF, G-20, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, PIF (partner), SCO (dialogue member), SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC	ADB, APEC, BIS, FATF, ICC (national committees), IHO, IMF, IMO (associate), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITUC (NGOs), UNWTO (associate), UPU, WCO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Serdar KILIC (since 21 May 2014) chancery: 2525 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 612-6700 FAX: [1] (202) 612-6744 consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York	none (Special Administrative Region of China); Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office (HKETO) carries out normal liaison activities and communication with the US Government and other US entities commissioner: Clement C.M. LEUNG office: 1520 18th Street NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] 202 331-8947 FAX: [1] 202 331-8958 HKETO offices: New York, San Francisco
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affairs Philip KOSNETT (since 16 October 2017) embassy: 110 Ataturk Boulevard, Kavaklidere, 06100 Ankara mailing address: PSC 93, Box 5000, APO AE 09823 telephone: [90] (312) 455-5555 FAX: [90] (312) 467-0019 consulate(s) general: Istanbul consulate(s): Adana	chief of mission: Consul General Kurt W. TONG (since 27 August 2016); note - also accredited to Macau consulate(s) general: 26 Garden Road, Hong Kong mailing address: Unit 8000, Box 1, DPO AP 96521-0006 telephone: [852] 2523-9011 FAX: [852] 2845-1598
Flag description	red with a vertical white crescent moon (the closed portion is toward the hoist side) and white five-pointed star centered just outside the crescent opening; the flag colors and designs closely resemble those on the banner of the Ottoman Empire, which preceded modern-day Turkey; the crescent moon and star serve as insignia for Turkic peoples; according to one interpretation, the flag represents the reflection of the moon and a star in a pool of blood of Turkish warriors	red with a stylized, white, five-petal Bauhinia flower in the center; each petal contains a small, red, five-pointed star in its middle; the red color is the same as that on the Chinese flag and represents the motherland; the fragrant Bauhinia - developed in Hong Kong the late 19th century - has come to symbolize the region; the five stars echo those on the flag of China
National symbol(s)	star and crescent; national colors: red, white	orchid tree flower; national colors: red, white
National anthem	name: "Istiklal Marsi" (Independence March) lyrics/music: Mehmet Akif ERSOY/Zeki UNGOR note: lyrics adopted 1921, music adopted 1932; the anthem's original music was adopted in 1924; a new composition was agreed upon in 1932	note: as a Special Administrative Region of China, "Yiyongjun Jinxingqu" is the official anthem (see China)
Dependency status	-	special administrative region of the People's Republic of China

Economy comparison between [Turkey] and [Hong Kong SAR (China)]

	Turkey	Hong Kong SAR (China)
Economy - overview	Turkey's largely free-market economy is driven by its industry and, increasingly, service sectors, although its traditional agriculture sector still accounts for about 25% of employment. The automotive, petrochemical, and electronics industries have risen in importance and surpassed the traditional textiles and clothing sectors within Turkey's export mix. However, the recent period of political stability and economic dynamism has given way to domestic uncertainty and security concerns, which are generating financial market volatility and weighing on Turkey’s economic outlook. Current government policies emphasize populist spending measures and credit breaks, while implementation of structural economic reforms has slowed. The government is playing a more active role in some strategic sectors and has used economic institutions and regulators to target political opponents, undermining private sector confidence in the judicial system. Between July 2016 and March 2017, three credit ratings agencies downgraded Turkey’s sovereign credit ratings, citing concerns about the rule of law and the pace of economic reforms. Turkey remains highly dependent on imported oil and gas but is pursuing energy relationships with a broader set of international partners and taking steps to increase use of domestic energy sources including renewables, nuclear, and coal. The joint Turkish-Azerbaijani Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline is moving forward to increase transport of Caspian gas to Turkey and Europe, and when completed will help diversify Turkey's sources of imported gas. After Turkey experienced a severe financial crisis in 2001, Ankara adopted financial and fiscal reforms as part of an IMF program. The reforms strengthened the country's economic fundamentals and ushered in an era of strong growth averaging more than 6% annually until 2008. An aggressive privatization program also reduced state involvement in basic industry, banking, transport, power generation, and communication. Global economic conditions and tighter fiscal policy caused GDP to contract in 2009, but Turkey's well-regulated financial markets and banking system helped the country weather the global financial crisis, and GDP growth rebounded to around 9% in 2010 and 2011, as exports and investment recovered following the crisis. The growth of Turkish GDP since 2016 has revealed the persistent underlying imbalances in the Turkish economy. In particular, Turkey’s large current account deficit means it must rely on external investment inflows to finance growth, leaving the economy vulnerable to destabilizing shifts in investor confidence. Other troublesome trends include rising unemployment and inflation, which increased in 2017, given the Turkish lira’s continuing depreciation against the dollar. Although government debt remains low at about 30% of GDP, bank and corporate borrowing has almost tripled as a percent of GDP during the past decade, outpacing its emerging-market peers and prompting investor concerns about its long-term sustainability.	Hong Kong has a free market economy, highly dependent on international trade and finance - the value of goods and services trade, including the sizable share of reexports, is about four times GDP. Hong Kong has no tariffs on imported goods, and it levies excise duties on only four commodities, whether imported or produced locally: hard alcohol, tobacco, hydrocarbon oil, and methyl alcohol. There are no quotas or dumping laws. Hong Kong continues to link its currency closely to the US dollar, maintaining an arrangement established in 1983. Excess liquidity, low interest rates and a tight housing supply have caused Hong Kong property prices to rise rapidly. The lower and middle-income segments of the population increasingly find housing unaffordable. Hong Kong's open economy has left it exposed to the global economic situation. Its continued reliance on foreign trade and investment makes it vulnerable to renewed global financial market volatility or a slowdown in the global economy. The mainland has long been Hong Kong's largest trading partner, accounting for about half of Hong Kong's total trade by value. Hong Kong's natural resources are limited, and food and raw materials must be imported. As a result of China's easing of travel restrictions, the number of mainland tourists to the territory surged from 4.5 million in 2001 to 47.3 million in 2014, outnumbering visitors from all other countries combined. After peaking in 2014, overall tourist arrivals dropped 2.5% in 2015 and 4.5% in 2016. The tourism sector rebounded in 2017, with visitor arrivals rising 3.2% to 58.47 million. Travelers from Mainland China totaled 44.45 million, accounting for 76% of the total. The Hong Kong Government is promoting the Special Administrative Region (SAR) as the preferred business hub for renminbi (RMB) internationalization. Hong Kong residents are allowed to establish RMB-denominated savings accounts, RMB-denominated corporate and Chinese government bonds have been issued in Hong Kong, RMB trade settlement is allowed, and investment schemes such as the Renminbi Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (RQFII) Program was first launched in Hong Kong. Offshore RMB activities experienced a setback, however, after the People’s Bank of China changed the way it set the central parity rate in August 2015. RMB deposits in Hong Kong fell from 1.0 trillion RMB at the end of 2014 to 559 billion RMB at the end of 2017, while RMB trade settlement handled by banks in Hong Kong also shrank from 6.8 trillion RMB in 2015 to 3.9 trillion RMB in 2017. Hong Kong has also established itself as the premier stock market for Chinese firms seeking to list abroad. In 2015, mainland Chinese companies constituted about 50% of the firms listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and accounted for about 66% of the exchange's market capitalization. During the past decade, as Hong Kong's manufacturing industry moved to the mainland, its service industry has grown rapidly. In 2014, Hong Kong and China signed a new agreement on achieving basic liberalization of trade in services in Guangdong Province under the Closer Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA), adopted in 2003 to forge closer ties between Hong Kong and the mainland. The new measures, which took effect in March 2015, cover a negative list and a most-favored treatment provision. On the basis of the Guangdong Agreement, the Agreement on Trade in Services signed in November 2015 further enhanced liberalization, including extending the implementation of the majority of Guangdong pilot liberalization measures to the whole Mainland, reducing the restrictive measures in the negative list, and adding measures in the positive lists for cross-border services as well as cultural and telecommunications services. In June 2017, the Investment Agreement and the Agreement on Economic and Technical Cooperation (Ecotech Agreement) were signed under the framework of CEPA. Hong Kong’s economic integration with the mainland continues to be most evident in the banking and finance sector. Initiatives like the Hong Kong-Shanghai Stock Connect, the Hong Kong- Shenzhen Stock Connect the Mutual Recognition of Funds, and the Bond Connect scheme are all important steps towards opening up the Mainland’s capital markets and have reinforced Hong Kong’s role as China’s leading offshore RMB market. Additional connect schemes such as ETF Connect (for exchange-traded fund products) are also under exploration by Hong Kong authorities. In 2017, Chief Executive Carrie LAM announced plans to increase government spending on research and development, education, and technological innovation with the aim of spurring continued economic growth through greater sector diversification.
GDP (purchasing power parity)	$2.133 trillion (2017 est.) $2.029 trillion (2016 est.) $1.966 trillion (2015 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars country comparison to the world: 14	$453 billion (2017 est.) $437.5 billion (2016 est.) $428.8 billion (2015 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars country comparison to the world: 44
GDP (official exchange rate)	$841.2 billion (2017 est.)	$334.1 billion (2017 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	5.1% (2017 est.) 3.2% (2016 est.) 6.1% (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 38	3.5% (2017 est.) 2% (2016 est.) 2.4% (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 89
GDP - per capita (PPP)	$26,500 (2017 est.) $25,400 (2016 est.) $25,000 (2015 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars country comparison to the world: 75	$61,000 (2017 est.) $59,400 (2016 est.) $58,700 (2015 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars country comparison to the world: 18
Gross national saving	25.1% of GDP (2017 est.) 24.5% of GDP (2016 est.) 24.8% of GDP (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 49	24.9% of GDP (2017 est.) 26.4% of GDP (2016 est.) 24.9% of GDP (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 52
GDP - composition, by end use	household consumption: 59.8% government consumption: 15.3% investment in fixed capital: 28.6% investment in inventories: -0.9% exports of goods and services: 24% imports of goods and services: -26.8% (2017 est.)	household consumption: 66.6% government consumption: 10% investment in fixed capital: 22.3% investment in inventories: 0.7% exports of goods and services: 191.9% imports of goods and services: -191.3% (2017 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin	agriculture: 6.7% industry: 31.8% services: 61.4% (2017 est.)	agriculture: 0.1% industry: 7.2% services: 92.7% (2017 est.)
Agriculture - products	tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, sugar beets, hazelnuts, pulses, citrus; livestock	fresh vegetables and fruit; poultry, pork; fish
Industries	textiles, food processing, automobiles, electronics, mining (coal, chromate, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper	trading and logistics, financial services, professional services, tourism, cultural and creative, clothing and textiles, shipping, electronics, toys, clocks and watches
Industrial production growth rate	3% (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 100	3% (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 103
Labor force	31.3 million note: this number is for the domestic labor force only; number does not include about 1.2 million Turks working abroad, nor refugees (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 20	3.965 million (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 95
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 18.4% industry: 26.6% services: 54.9% (2016 est.)	manufacturing: 3.8% construction: 2.8% wholesale and retail trade, restaurants, and hotels: 53.3% financing, insurance, and real estate: 12.5% transport and communications: 10.1% community and social services: 17.1% note: above data exclude public sector (2013 est.)
Unemployment rate	11.2% (2017 est.) 10.9% (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 147	2.6% (2017 est.) 2.7% (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 24
Population below poverty line	21.9% (2015 est.)	19.6% (2012 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 2.1% highest 10%: 30.3% (2008 est.)	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Distribution of family income - Gini index	40.2 (2010 est.) 43.6 (2003 est.) country comparison to the world: 65	53.7 (2011 est.) 53.3 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 9
Budget	revenues: $173.9 billion expenditures: $190.4 billion (2017 est.)	revenues: $66.19 billion expenditures: $62.86 billion (2017 est.)
Taxes and other revenues	20.7% of GDP (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 147	19.8% of GDP (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 155
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)	-2% of GDP (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 86	1% of GDP (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 15
Public debt	29.6% of GDP (2017 est.) 29.4% of GDP (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 165	43.6% of GDP (2017 est.) 44.8% of GDP (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 122
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 April - 31 March
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	10.9% (2017 est.) 7.8% (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 205	2% (2017 est.) 2.6% (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 93
Central bank discount rate	5.25% (31 December 2011 est.) 15% (22 December 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 79	0.5% (31 December 2013 est.) 0.5% (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 133
Commercial bank prime lending rate	15.2% (31 December 2017 est.) 14.74% (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 42	5.1% (31 December 2017 est.) 5% (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 144
Stock of narrow money	$122 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $108.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 33	$310.3 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $285.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 17
Stock of broad money	$445 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $399.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 24	$1.736 trillion (31 December 2017 est.) $1.613 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 10
Stock of domestic credit	$612.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $549.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 24	$719.2 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $676.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 22
Market value of publicly traded shares	$188.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $219.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.) $195.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 36	$3.185 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) $3.233 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) $3.101 trillion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 5
Current account balance	$-38.95 billion (2017 est.) $-32.61 billion (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 198	$10.06 billion (2017 est.) $14.88 billion (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 21
Exports	$157.3 billion (2017 est.) $150.2 billion (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 34	$540 billion (2017 est.) $502.5 billion (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 8
Exports - commodities	apparel, foodstuffs, textiles, metal manufactures, transport equipment	electrical machinery and appliances, textiles, apparel, watches and clocks, toys, "jewelry, goldsmiths' and silversmiths' wares, and other articles of precious or semi-precious materials"; Hong Kong plays an important role as entrep?t to the Chinese mainland; in 2017, 58% of Hong Kong’s re-exports originated in mainland China, and 54% were destined for the Chinese mainland
Exports - partners	Germany 9.8%, UK 8.2%, Iraq 5.4%, Italy 5.3%, US 4.7%, France 4.2% (2016)	China 54.3%, US 8.5%, India 4.1% (2016)
Imports	$196.8 billion (2017 est.) $191 billion (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 24	$561.4 billion (2017 est.) $520.1 billion (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 8
Imports - commodities	machinery, chemicals, semi-finished goods, fuels, transport equipment	raw materials and semi-manufactures, consumer goods, capital goods, foodstuffs, fuel (most is reexported)
Imports - partners	China 12.8%, Germany 10.8%, Russia 7.6%, US 5.5%, Italy 5.2% (2016)	China 45.5%, Taiwan 9.8%, South Korea 6.7%, Japan 6.3%, US 4.4% (2016)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold	$107.5 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $106.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 25	$398.3 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $386.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 9
Debt - external	$429.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $404.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 30	$494.5 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $505.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 23
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home	$143.7 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $133.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 39	$1.901 trillion (31 December 2017 est.) $1.786 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 5
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad	$41.81 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $38.31 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 46	$1.806 trillion (31 December 2017 est.) $1.723 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 5
Exchange rates	Turkish liras (TRY) per US dollar - 3.63 (2017 est.) 3.02 (2016 est.) 3.02 (2015 est.) 2.72 (2014 est.) 2.19 (2013 est.)	Hong Kong dollars (HKD) per US dollar - 7.8 (2017 est.) 7.76 (2016 est.) 7.76 (2015 est.) 7.75 (2014 est.) 7.75 (2013 est.)

Turkey

Hong Kong SAR (China)

Economy - overview

Turkey's largely free-market economy is driven by its industry and, increasingly, service sectors, although its traditional agriculture sector still accounts for about 25% of employment. The automotive, petrochemical, and electronics industries have risen in importance and surpassed the traditional textiles and clothing sectors within Turkey's export mix. However, the recent period of political stability and economic dynamism has given way to domestic uncertainty and security concerns, which are generating financial market volatility and weighing on Turkey’s economic outlook.

Current government policies emphasize populist spending measures and credit breaks, while implementation of structural economic reforms has slowed. The government is playing a more active role in some strategic sectors and has used economic institutions and regulators to target political opponents, undermining private sector confidence in the judicial system. Between July 2016 and March 2017, three credit ratings agencies downgraded Turkey’s sovereign credit ratings, citing concerns about the rule of law and the pace of economic reforms.

Turkey remains highly dependent on imported oil and gas but is pursuing energy relationships with a broader set of international partners and taking steps to increase use of domestic energy sources including renewables, nuclear, and coal. The joint Turkish-Azerbaijani Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline is moving forward to increase transport of Caspian gas to Turkey and Europe, and when completed will help diversify Turkey's sources of imported gas.

After Turkey experienced a severe financial crisis in 2001, Ankara adopted financial and fiscal reforms as part of an IMF program. The reforms strengthened the country's economic fundamentals and ushered in an era of strong growth averaging more than 6% annually until 2008. An aggressive privatization program also reduced state involvement in basic industry, banking, transport, power generation, and communication. Global economic conditions and tighter fiscal policy caused GDP to contract in 2009, but Turkey's well-regulated financial markets and banking system helped the country weather the global financial crisis, and GDP growth rebounded to around 9% in 2010 and 2011, as exports and investment recovered following the crisis.

The growth of Turkish GDP since 2016 has revealed the persistent underlying imbalances in the Turkish economy. In particular, Turkey’s large current account deficit means it must rely on external investment inflows to finance growth, leaving the economy vulnerable to destabilizing shifts in investor confidence. Other troublesome trends include rising unemployment and inflation, which increased in 2017, given the Turkish lira’s continuing depreciation against the dollar. Although government debt remains low at about 30% of GDP, bank and corporate borrowing has almost tripled as a percent of GDP during the past decade, outpacing its emerging-market peers and prompting investor concerns about its long-term sustainability.

Hong Kong has a free market economy, highly dependent on international trade and finance - the value of goods and services trade, including the sizable share of reexports, is about four times GDP. Hong Kong has no tariffs on imported goods, and it levies excise duties on only four commodities, whether imported or produced locally: hard alcohol, tobacco, hydrocarbon oil, and methyl alcohol. There are no quotas or dumping laws. Hong Kong continues to link its currency closely to the US dollar, maintaining an arrangement established in 1983.

Excess liquidity, low interest rates and a tight housing supply have caused Hong Kong property prices to rise rapidly. The lower and middle-income segments of the population increasingly find housing unaffordable.

Hong Kong's open economy has left it exposed to the global economic situation. Its continued reliance on foreign trade and investment makes it vulnerable to renewed global financial market volatility or a slowdown in the global economy.

The mainland has long been Hong Kong's largest trading partner, accounting for about half of Hong Kong's total trade by value. Hong Kong's natural resources are limited, and food and raw materials must be imported. As a result of China's easing of travel restrictions, the number of mainland tourists to the territory surged from 4.5 million in 2001 to 47.3 million in 2014, outnumbering visitors from all other countries combined. After peaking in 2014, overall tourist arrivals dropped 2.5% in 2015 and 4.5% in 2016. The tourism sector rebounded in 2017, with visitor arrivals rising 3.2% to 58.47 million. Travelers from Mainland China totaled 44.45 million, accounting for 76% of the total.

The Hong Kong Government is promoting the Special Administrative Region (SAR) as the preferred business hub for renminbi (RMB) internationalization. Hong Kong residents are allowed to establish RMB-denominated savings accounts, RMB-denominated corporate and Chinese government bonds have been issued in Hong Kong, RMB trade settlement is allowed, and investment schemes such as the Renminbi Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (RQFII) Program was first launched in Hong Kong. Offshore RMB activities experienced a setback, however, after the People’s Bank of China changed the way it set the central parity rate in August 2015. RMB deposits in Hong Kong fell from 1.0 trillion RMB at the end of 2014 to 559 billion RMB at the end of 2017, while RMB trade settlement handled by banks in Hong Kong also shrank from 6.8 trillion RMB in 2015 to 3.9 trillion RMB in 2017.

Hong Kong has also established itself as the premier stock market for Chinese firms seeking to list abroad. In 2015, mainland Chinese companies constituted about 50% of the firms listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and accounted for about 66% of the exchange's market capitalization.

During the past decade, as Hong Kong's manufacturing industry moved to the mainland, its service industry has grown rapidly. In 2014, Hong Kong and China signed a new agreement on achieving basic liberalization of trade in services in Guangdong Province under the Closer Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA), adopted in 2003 to forge closer ties between Hong Kong and the mainland. The new measures, which took effect in March 2015, cover a negative list and a most-favored treatment provision. On the basis of the Guangdong Agreement, the Agreement on Trade in Services signed in November 2015 further enhanced liberalization, including extending the implementation of the majority of Guangdong pilot liberalization measures to the whole Mainland, reducing the restrictive measures in the negative list, and adding measures in the positive lists for cross-border services as well as cultural and telecommunications services. In June 2017, the Investment Agreement and the Agreement on Economic and Technical Cooperation (Ecotech Agreement) were signed under the framework of CEPA.

Hong Kong’s economic integration with the mainland continues to be most evident in the banking and finance sector. Initiatives like the Hong Kong-Shanghai Stock Connect, the Hong Kong- Shenzhen Stock Connect the Mutual Recognition of Funds, and the Bond Connect scheme are all important steps towards opening up the Mainland’s capital markets and have reinforced Hong Kong’s role as China’s leading offshore RMB market. Additional connect schemes such as ETF Connect (for exchange-traded fund products) are also under exploration by Hong Kong authorities. In 2017, Chief Executive Carrie LAM announced plans to increase government spending on research and development, education, and technological innovation with the aim of spurring continued economic growth through greater sector diversification.

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$2.133 trillion (2017 est.)

$2.029 trillion (2016 est.)

$1.966 trillion (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

country comparison to the world: 14

$453 billion (2017 est.)

$437.5 billion (2016 est.)

$428.8 billion (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

country comparison to the world: 44

GDP (official exchange rate)

$841.2 billion (2017 est.)

$334.1 billion (2017 est.)

GDP - real growth rate

5.1% (2017 est.)

3.2% (2016 est.)

6.1% (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 38

3.5% (2017 est.)

2% (2016 est.)

2.4% (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 89

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$26,500 (2017 est.)

$25,400 (2016 est.)

$25,000 (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

country comparison to the world: 75

$61,000 (2017 est.)

$59,400 (2016 est.)

$58,700 (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

country comparison to the world: 18

Gross national saving

25.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

24.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

24.8% of GDP (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 49

24.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

26.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

24.9% of GDP (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 52

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 59.8%

government consumption: 15.3%

investment in fixed capital: 28.6%

investment in inventories: -0.9%

exports of goods and services: 24%

imports of goods and services: -26.8% (2017 est.)

household consumption: 66.6%

government consumption: 10%

investment in fixed capital: 22.3%

investment in inventories: 0.7%

exports of goods and services: 191.9%

imports of goods and services: -191.3% (2017 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 6.7%

industry: 31.8%

services: 61.4% (2017 est.)

agriculture: 0.1%

industry: 7.2%

services: 92.7% (2017 est.)

Agriculture - products

tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, sugar beets, hazelnuts, pulses, citrus; livestock

fresh vegetables and fruit; poultry, pork; fish

Industries

textiles, food processing, automobiles, electronics, mining (coal, chromate, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper

trading and logistics, financial services, professional services, tourism, cultural and creative, clothing and textiles, shipping, electronics, toys, clocks and watches

Industrial production growth rate

3% (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 100

3% (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 103

Labor force

31.3 million

note: this number is for the domestic labor force only; number does not include about 1.2 million Turks working abroad, nor refugees (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 20

3.965 million (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 95

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 18.4%

industry: 26.6%

services: 54.9% (2016 est.)

manufacturing: 3.8%

construction: 2.8%

wholesale and retail trade, restaurants, and hotels: 53.3%

financing, insurance, and real estate: 12.5%

transport and communications: 10.1%

community and social services: 17.1%

note: above data exclude public sector (2013 est.)

Unemployment rate

11.2% (2017 est.)

10.9% (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 147

2.6% (2017 est.)

2.7% (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 24

Population below poverty line

21.9% (2015 est.)

19.6% (2012 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 2.1%

highest 10%: 30.3% (2008 est.)

lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Distribution of family income - Gini index

40.2 (2010 est.)

43.6 (2003 est.)

country comparison to the world: 65

53.7 (2011 est.)

53.3 (2007 est.)

country comparison to the world: 9

Budget

revenues: $173.9 billion

expenditures: $190.4 billion (2017 est.)

revenues: $66.19 billion

expenditures: $62.86 billion (2017 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

20.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 147

19.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 155

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-2% of GDP (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 86

1% of GDP (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 15

Public debt

29.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

29.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 165

43.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

44.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 122

Fiscal year

calendar year

1 April - 31 March

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

10.9% (2017 est.)

7.8% (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 205

2% (2017 est.)

2.6% (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 93

Central bank discount rate

5.25% (31 December 2011 est.)

15% (22 December 2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 79

0.5% (31 December 2013 est.)

0.5% (31 December 2012 est.)

country comparison to the world: 133

Commercial bank prime lending rate

15.2% (31 December 2017 est.)

14.74% (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 42

5.1% (31 December 2017 est.)

5% (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 144

Stock of narrow money

$122 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$108.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 33

$310.3 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$285.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 17

Stock of broad money

$445 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$399.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 24

$1.736 trillion (31 December 2017 est.)

$1.613 trillion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 10

Stock of domestic credit

$612.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$549.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 24

$719.2 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$676.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 22

Market value of publicly traded shares

$188.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

$219.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

$195.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 36

$3.185 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)

$3.233 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)

$3.101 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 5

Current account balance

$-38.95 billion (2017 est.)

$-32.61 billion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 198

$10.06 billion (2017 est.)

$14.88 billion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 21

Exports

$157.3 billion (2017 est.)

$150.2 billion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 34

$540 billion (2017 est.)

$502.5 billion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 8

Exports - commodities

apparel, foodstuffs, textiles, metal manufactures, transport equipment

electrical machinery and appliances, textiles, apparel, watches and clocks, toys, "jewelry, goldsmiths' and silversmiths' wares, and other articles of precious or semi-precious materials"; Hong Kong plays an important role as entrep?t to the Chinese mainland; in 2017, 58% of Hong Kong’s re-exports originated in mainland China, and 54% were destined for the Chinese mainland

Exports - partners

Germany 9.8%, UK 8.2%, Iraq 5.4%, Italy 5.3%, US 4.7%, France 4.2% (2016)

China 54.3%, US 8.5%, India 4.1% (2016)

Imports

$196.8 billion (2017 est.)

$191 billion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 24

$561.4 billion (2017 est.)

$520.1 billion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 8

Imports - commodities

machinery, chemicals, semi-finished goods, fuels, transport equipment

raw materials and semi-manufactures, consumer goods, capital goods, foodstuffs, fuel (most is reexported)

Imports - partners

China 12.8%, Germany 10.8%, Russia 7.6%, US 5.5%, Italy 5.2% (2016)

China 45.5%, Taiwan 9.8%, South Korea 6.7%, Japan 6.3%, US 4.4% (2016)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$107.5 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$106.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 25

$398.3 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$386.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 9

Debt - external

$429.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$404.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 30

$494.5 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$505.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 23

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$143.7 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$133.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 39

$1.901 trillion (31 December 2017 est.)

$1.786 trillion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 5

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$41.81 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$38.31 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 46

$1.806 trillion (31 December 2017 est.)

$1.723 trillion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 5

Exchange rates

Turkish liras (TRY) per US dollar -

3.63 (2017 est.)

3.02 (2016 est.)

3.02 (2015 est.)

2.72 (2014 est.)

2.19 (2013 est.)

Hong Kong dollars (HKD) per US dollar -

7.8 (2017 est.)

7.76 (2016 est.)

7.76 (2015 est.)

7.75 (2014 est.)

7.75 (2013 est.)

Energy comparison between [Turkey] and [Hong Kong SAR (China)]

Turkey

Hong Kong SAR (China)

Electricity access

electrification - total population: 100% (2016)

Electricity - production

245.8 billion kWh (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 19

35.75 billion kWh (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 61

Electricity - consumption

213.2 billion kWh (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 20

41.74 billion kWh (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 55

Electricity - exports

1.442 billion kWh (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 49

1.205 billion kWh (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 55

Electricity - imports

6.4 billion kWh (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 33

11.62 billion kWh (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 23

Electricity - installed generating capacity

73.15 million kW (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 15

12.63 million kW (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 55

Electricity - from fossil fuels

56.8% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 138

100% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 9

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 195

0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 107

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

35.4% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 59

0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 180

Electricity - from other renewable sources

11.2% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 66

0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 187

Crude oil - production

49,500 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 55

0 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 148

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 200

0 bbl/day (2014 est.)

country comparison to the world: 136

Crude oil - imports

506,300 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 18

0 bbl/day (2014 est.)

country comparison to the world: 139

Crude oil - proved reserves

388.5 million bbl (1 January 2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 54

0 bbl (1 January 2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 147

Refined petroleum products - production

618,300 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 29

0 bbl/day (2014 est.)

country comparison to the world: 156

Refined petroleum products - consumption

943,700 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 24

388,500 bbl/day (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 39

Refined petroleum products - exports

134,900 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 39

9,625 bbl/day (2014 est.)

country comparison to the world: 84

Refined petroleum products - imports

527,700 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 16

332,000 bbl/day (2014 est.)

country comparison to the world: 25

Natural gas - production

381 million cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 73

0 cu m (2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 148

Natural gas - consumption

81.35 billion cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 15

4.49 billion cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 69

Natural gas - exports

624 million cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 41

0 cu m (2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 120

Natural gas - imports

48.43 billion cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 7

3.243 billion cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 42

Natural gas - proved reserves

18.49 billion cu m (1 January 2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 77

0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)

country comparison to the world: 151

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

319 million Mt (2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 20

90 million Mt (2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 43

Communications comparison between [Turkey] and [Hong Kong SAR (China)]

	Turkey	Hong Kong SAR (China)
Telephones - fixed lines	total subscriptions: 11,077,559 subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 14 (July 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 18	total subscriptions: 4,318,346 subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 60 (July 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 36
Telephones - mobile cellular	total: 75,061,699 subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 93 (July 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 22	total: 17,584,969 subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 245 (July 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 62
Telephone system	general assessment: comprehensive telecommunications network undergoing rapid modernization and expansion, especially in mobile-cellular services domestic: additional digital exchanges are permitting a rapid increase in subscribers; the construction of a network of technologically advanced intercity trunk lines, using both fiber-optic cable and digital microwave radio relay, is facilitating communication between urban centers; remote areas are reached by a domestic satellite system; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 105 telephones per 100 persons international: country code - 90; international service is provided by the SEA-ME-WE-3 submarine cable and by submarine fiber-optic cables in the Mediterranean and Black Seas that link Turkey with Italy, Greece, Israel, Bulgaria, Romania, and Russia; satellite earth stations - 12 Intelsat; mobile satellite terminals - 328 in the Inmarsat and Eutelsat systems (2016)	general assessment: modern facilities provide excellent domestic and international services domestic: microwave radio relay links and extensive fiber-optic network international: country code - 852; multiple international submarine cables provide connections to Asia, US, Australia, the Middle East, and Western Europe; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Pacific Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean); coaxial cable to Guangzhou, China (2015)
Broadcast media	Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT) operates multiple TV and radio networks and stations; multiple privately owned national television stations and up to 300 private regional and local television stations; multi-channel cable TV subscriptions available; more than 1,000 private radio broadcast stations (2009)	4 commercial terrestrial TV networks each with multiple stations; multi-channel satellite and cable TV systems available; 3 licensed broadcasters of terrestrial radio, one of which is government funded, operate about 12 radio stations; note - 4 digital radio broadcasters operated in Hong Kong from 2010 to 2017, but all digital radio services were terminated in September 2017 due to weak market demand (2018)
Internet country code	.tr	.hk
Internet users	total: 46,838,412 percent of population: 58.3% (July 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 16	total: 6.066 million percent of population: 85% (July 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 69

Transportation comparison between [Turkey] and [Hong Kong SAR (China)]

	Turkey	Hong Kong SAR (China)
National air transport system	number of registered air carriers: 15 inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 531 annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 96,604,665 annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 2,882.162 million mt-km (2015)	number of registered air carriers: 7 (registered in China) inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 253 (registered in China) annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 41,867,157 annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 11.294 billion mt-km (2015)
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix	TC (2016)	B-H (2016)
Airports	98 (2013) country comparison to the world: 58	2 (2013) country comparison to the world: 201
Airports - with paved runways	total: 91 over 3,047 m: 16 2,438 to 3,047 m: 38 1,524 to 2,437 m: 17 914 to 1,523 m: 16 under 914 m: 4 (2013)	total: 2 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2017)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 2 (2013)	-
Heliports	20 (2013)	9 (2013)
Pipelines	gas 12,603 km; oil 3,038 km (2016)	-
Railways	total: 12,008 km standard gauge: 12,008 km 1.435-m gauge (3,216 km electrified) (2014) country comparison to the world: 21	-
Roadways	total: 385,754 km paved: 352,268 km (includes 2,127 km of expressways) unpaved: 33,486 km (2012) country comparison to the world: 19	total: 2,100 km paved: 2,100 km (2015) country comparison to the world: 174
Waterways	1,200 km (2010) country comparison to the world: 59	-
Merchant marine	total: 1,285 by type: bulk carrier 78, container ship 50, general cargo 432, oil tanker 121, other 604 (2017) country comparison to the world: 22	total: 2,576 by type: bulk carrier 1,142, container ship 471, general cargo 226, oil tanker 346, other 391 (2017) country comparison to the world: 9
Ports and terminals	major seaport(s): Aliaga, Ambarli, Diliskelesi, Eregli, Izmir, Kocaeli (Izmit), Mersin (Icel), Limani, Yarimca container port(s) (TEUs): Ambarli (3,062,000), Mersin (Icel) (1,428,000) (2015) LNG terminal(s) (import): Izmir Aliaga, Marmara Ereglisi	major seaport(s): Hong Kong

Military comparison between [Turkey] and [Hong Kong SAR (China)]

	Turkey	Hong Kong SAR (China)
Military expenditures	1.73% of GDP (2016) 1.85% of GDP (2015) 1.9% of GDP (2014) 1.96% of GDP (2013) 2.05% of GDP (2012) country comparison to the world: 61	-
Military branches	Turkish Armed Forces (TSK): Turkish Land Forces (Turk Kara Kuvvetleri), Turkish Naval Forces (Turk Deniz Kuvvetleri; includes naval air and naval infantry), Turkish Air Forces (Turk Hava Kuvvetleri) (2013)	no regular indigenous military forces; Hong Kong garrison of China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) includes elements of the PLA Army, PLA Navy, and PLA Air Force; these forces are under the direct leadership of the Central Military Commission in Beijing and under administrative control of the adjacent Southern Command (2016)
Military service age and obligation	21-41 years of age for male compulsory military service (in case of mobilization, up to 65 years of age); 18 years of age for voluntary service; 12-month conscript obligation for non-university graduates, 6-12 months for university graduates (graduates of higher education may perform 6 months of military service as short-term privates, or 12 months as reserve officers); conscripts are called to register at age 20, for service at 21; women serve in the Turkish Armed Forces only as officers; reserve obligation to age 41; Turkish citizens with a residence or work permit who have worked abroad for at least 3 years (1095 days) can be exempt from military service in exchange for 6,000 EUR or its equivalent in foreign currencies; a law passed in December 2014 introduced a one-time payment scheme which exempted Turkish citizens 27 and older from conscription in exchange for a payment of $8,150 (2013)	-
Military - note	the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) has actively pursued the goal of asserting civilian control over the military since first taking power in 2002; the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) role in internal security has been significantly reduced; the TSK leadership continues to be an influential institution within Turkey, but plays a much smaller role in politics; the Turkish military remains focused on the threats emanating from the Syrian civil war, Russia's actions in Ukraine, and the PKK insurgency; primary domestic threats are listed as fundamentalism (with the definition in some dispute with the civilian government), separatism (Kurdish discontent), and the extreme left wing; Ankara strongly opposed establishment of an autonomous Kurdish region in Iraq; an overhaul of the Turkish Land Forces Command (TLFC) taking place under the "Force 2014" program is to produce 20-30% smaller, more highly trained forces characterized by greater mobility and firepower and capable of joint and combined operations; the TLFC has taken on increasing international peacekeeping responsibilities including in Afghanistan; the Turkish Navy is a regional naval power that wants to develop the capability to project power beyond Turkey's coastal waters; the Navy is heavily involved in NATO, multinational, and UN operations; its roles include control of territorial waters and security for sea lines of communications; the Turkish Air Force adopted an "Aerospace and Missile Defense Concept" in 2002 and has initiated project work on an integrated missile defense system; Air Force priorities include attaining a modern deployable, survivable, and sustainable force structure, and establishing a sustainable command and control system; Turkey is a NATO ally and hosts NATO's Land Forces Command in Izmir, as well as the AN/TPY-2 radar as part of NATO Missile Defense (2014)	defense is the responsibility of China

Transnational comparison between [Turkey] and [Hong Kong SAR (China)]

	Turkey	Hong Kong SAR (China)
Disputes - international	complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Greece in the Aegean Sea; status of north Cyprus question remains; Turkey has expressed concern over the status of Kurds in Iraq; in 2009, Swiss mediators facilitated an accord reestablishing diplomatic ties between Armenia and Turkey, but neither side has ratified the agreement and the rapprochement effort has faltered; Turkish authorities have complained that blasting from quarries in Armenia might be damaging the medieval ruins of Ani, on the other side of the Arpacay valley	Hong Kong plans to reduce its 2,800-hectare Frontier Closed Area (FCA) to 400 hectares by 2015; the FCA was established in 1951 as a buffer zone between Hong Kong and mainland China to prevent illegal migration from and the smuggling of goods
Refugees and internally displaced persons	refugees (country of origin): 157,000 (Afghanistan); 152,000 (Iraq); 33,000 (Iran) (2017); 3,589,384 (Syria) (2018) IDPs: 1.113 million (displaced from 1984-2005 because of fighting between the Kurdish PKK and Turkish military; most IDPs are Kurds from eastern and southeastern provinces; no information available on persons displaced by development projects) (2017) stateless persons: 780 (2016)	-
Illicit drugs	key transit route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe and, to a lesser extent, the US - via air, land, and sea routes; major Turkish and other international trafficking organizations operate out of Istanbul; laboratories to convert imported morphine base into heroin exist in remote regions of Turkey and near Istanbul; government maintains strict controls over areas of legal opium poppy cultivation and over output of poppy straw concentrate; lax enforcement of money-laundering controls	despite strenuous law enforcement efforts, faces difficult challenges in controlling transit of heroin and methamphetamine to regional and world markets; modern banking system provides conduit for money laundering; rising indigenous use of synthetic drugs, especially among young people

Turkey

Hong Kong SAR (China)

Disputes - international

complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Greece in the Aegean Sea; status of north Cyprus question remains; Turkey has expressed concern over the status of Kurds in Iraq; in 2009, Swiss mediators facilitated an accord reestablishing diplomatic ties between Armenia and Turkey, but neither side has ratified the agreement and the rapprochement effort has faltered; Turkish authorities have complained that blasting from quarries in Armenia might be damaging the medieval ruins of Ani, on the other side of the Arpacay valley

Hong Kong plans to reduce its 2,800-hectare Frontier Closed Area (FCA) to 400 hectares by 2015; the FCA was established in 1951 as a buffer zone between Hong Kong and mainland China to prevent illegal migration from and the smuggling of goods

Refugees and internally displaced persons

refugees (country of origin): 157,000 (Afghanistan); 152,000 (Iraq); 33,000 (Iran) (2017); 3,589,384 (Syria) (2018)

IDPs: 1.113 million (displaced from 1984-2005 because of fighting between the Kurdish PKK and Turkish military; most IDPs are Kurds from eastern and southeastern provinces; no information available on persons displaced by development projects) (2017)

stateless persons: 780 (2016)

Illicit drugs

key transit route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe and, to a lesser extent, the US - via air, land, and sea routes; major Turkish and other international trafficking organizations operate out of Istanbul; laboratories to convert imported morphine base into heroin exist in remote regions of Turkey and near Istanbul; government maintains strict controls over areas of legal opium poppy cultivation and over output of poppy straw concentrate; lax enforcement of money-laundering controls

despite strenuous law enforcement efforts, faces difficult challenges in controlling transit of heroin and methamphetamine to regional and world markets; modern banking system provides conduit for money laundering; rising indigenous use of synthetic drugs, especially among young people

TRY to HKD Historical Rates

year	by month
TRY to HKD in 2023	TRY to HKD in 2023-05 TRY to HKD in 2023-04 TRY to HKD in 2023-03 TRY to HKD in 2023-02 TRY to HKD in 2023-01
TRY to HKD in 2022	TRY to HKD in 2022-12 TRY to HKD in 2022-11 TRY to HKD in 2022-10 TRY to HKD in 2022-09 TRY to HKD in 2022-08 TRY to HKD in 2022-07 TRY to HKD in 2022-06 TRY to HKD in 2022-05 TRY to HKD in 2022-04 TRY to HKD in 2022-03 TRY to HKD in 2022-02 TRY to HKD in 2022-01
TRY to HKD in 2021	TRY to HKD in 2021-12 TRY to HKD in 2021-11 TRY to HKD in 2021-10 TRY to HKD in 2021-09 TRY to HKD in 2021-08 TRY to HKD in 2021-07 TRY to HKD in 2021-06 TRY to HKD in 2021-05 TRY to HKD in 2021-04 TRY to HKD in 2021-03 TRY to HKD in 2021-02 TRY to HKD in 2021-01
TRY to HKD in 2020	TRY to HKD in 2020-12 TRY to HKD in 2020-11 TRY to HKD in 2020-10 TRY to HKD in 2020-09 TRY to HKD in 2020-08 TRY to HKD in 2020-07 TRY to HKD in 2020-06 TRY to HKD in 2020-05 TRY to HKD in 2020-04 TRY to HKD in 2020-03 TRY to HKD in 2020-02 TRY to HKD in 2020-01
TRY to HKD in 2019	TRY to HKD in 2019-12 TRY to HKD in 2019-11 TRY to HKD in 2019-10 TRY to HKD in 2019-09 TRY to HKD in 2019-08 TRY to HKD in 2019-07 TRY to HKD in 2019-06 TRY to HKD in 2019-05 TRY to HKD in 2019-04 TRY to HKD in 2019-03 TRY to HKD in 2019-02 TRY to HKD in 2019-01
TRY to HKD in 2018	TRY to HKD in 2018-12 TRY to HKD in 2018-11 TRY to HKD in 2018-10 TRY to HKD in 2018-09 TRY to HKD in 2018-08 TRY to HKD in 2018-07 TRY to HKD in 2018-06 TRY to HKD in 2018-05 TRY to HKD in 2018-04 TRY to HKD in 2018-03 TRY to HKD in 2018-02 TRY to HKD in 2018-01
TRY to HKD in 2017	TRY to HKD in 2017-12 TRY to HKD in 2017-11 TRY to HKD in 2017-10 TRY to HKD in 2017-09 TRY to HKD in 2017-08 TRY to HKD in 2017-07 TRY to HKD in 2017-06 TRY to HKD in 2017-05 TRY to HKD in 2017-04 TRY to HKD in 2017-03 TRY to HKD in 2017-02 TRY to HKD in 2017-01
TRY to HKD in 2016	TRY to HKD in 2016-12 TRY to HKD in 2016-11 TRY to HKD in 2016-10 TRY to HKD in 2016-09 TRY to HKD in 2016-08 TRY to HKD in 2016-07 TRY to HKD in 2016-06 TRY to HKD in 2016-05 TRY to HKD in 2016-04 TRY to HKD in 2016-03 TRY to HKD in 2016-02 TRY to HKD in 2016-01
TRY to HKD in 2015	TRY to HKD in 2015-12 TRY to HKD in 2015-11 TRY to HKD in 2015-10 TRY to HKD in 2015-09 TRY to HKD in 2015-08 TRY to HKD in 2015-07 TRY to HKD in 2015-06 TRY to HKD in 2015-05 TRY to HKD in 2015-04 TRY to HKD in 2015-03 TRY to HKD in 2015-02 TRY to HKD in 2015-01
TRY to HKD in 2014	TRY to HKD in 2014-12 TRY to HKD in 2014-11 TRY to HKD in 2014-10 TRY to HKD in 2014-09 TRY to HKD in 2014-08 TRY to HKD in 2014-07 TRY to HKD in 2014-06 TRY to HKD in 2014-05 TRY to HKD in 2014-04 TRY to HKD in 2014-03 TRY to HKD in 2014-02 TRY to HKD in 2014-01
TRY to HKD in 2013	TRY to HKD in 2013-12 TRY to HKD in 2013-11 TRY to HKD in 2013-10 TRY to HKD in 2013-09 TRY to HKD in 2013-08 TRY to HKD in 2013-07 TRY to HKD in 2013-06 TRY to HKD in 2013-05 TRY to HKD in 2013-04 TRY to HKD in 2013-03 TRY to HKD in 2013-02 TRY to HKD in 2013-01
TRY to HKD in 2012	TRY to HKD in 2012-12 TRY to HKD in 2012-11 TRY to HKD in 2012-10 TRY to HKD in 2012-09 TRY to HKD in 2012-08 TRY to HKD in 2012-07 TRY to HKD in 2012-06 TRY to HKD in 2012-05 TRY to HKD in 2012-04 TRY to HKD in 2012-03 TRY to HKD in 2012-02 TRY to HKD in 2012-01
TRY to HKD in 2011	TRY to HKD in 2011-12 TRY to HKD in 2011-11 TRY to HKD in 2011-10 TRY to HKD in 2011-09 TRY to HKD in 2011-08 TRY to HKD in 2011-07 TRY to HKD in 2011-06 TRY to HKD in 2011-05 TRY to HKD in 2011-04 TRY to HKD in 2011-03 TRY to HKD in 2011-02 TRY to HKD in 2011-01
TRY to HKD in 2010	TRY to HKD in 2010-12 TRY to HKD in 2010-11 TRY to HKD in 2010-10 TRY to HKD in 2010-09 TRY to HKD in 2010-08 TRY to HKD in 2010-07 TRY to HKD in 2010-06 TRY to HKD in 2010-05 TRY to HKD in 2010-04 TRY to HKD in 2010-03 TRY to HKD in 2010-02 TRY to HKD in 2010-01
TRY to HKD in 2009	TRY to HKD in 2009-12 TRY to HKD in 2009-11 TRY to HKD in 2009-10 TRY to HKD in 2009-09 TRY to HKD in 2009-08 TRY to HKD in 2009-07 TRY to HKD in 2009-06 TRY to HKD in 2009-05 TRY to HKD in 2009-04 TRY to HKD in 2009-03 TRY to HKD in 2009-02 TRY to HKD in 2009-01
TRY to HKD in 2008	TRY to HKD in 2008-12 TRY to HKD in 2008-11 TRY to HKD in 2008-10 TRY to HKD in 2008-09 TRY to HKD in 2008-08 TRY to HKD in 2008-07 TRY to HKD in 2008-06 TRY to HKD in 2008-05 TRY to HKD in 2008-04 TRY to HKD in 2008-03 TRY to HKD in 2008-02 TRY to HKD in 2008-01
TRY to HKD in 2007	TRY to HKD in 2007-12 TRY to HKD in 2007-11 TRY to HKD in 2007-10 TRY to HKD in 2007-09 TRY to HKD in 2007-08 TRY to HKD in 2007-07 TRY to HKD in 2007-06 TRY to HKD in 2007-05 TRY to HKD in 2007-04 TRY to HKD in 2007-03 TRY to HKD in 2007-02 TRY to HKD in 2007-01
TRY to HKD in 2006	TRY to HKD in 2006-12 TRY to HKD in 2006-11 TRY to HKD in 2006-10 TRY to HKD in 2006-09 TRY to HKD in 2006-08 TRY to HKD in 2006-07 TRY to HKD in 2006-06 TRY to HKD in 2006-05 TRY to HKD in 2006-04 TRY to HKD in 2006-03 TRY to HKD in 2006-02 TRY to HKD in 2006-01
TRY to HKD in 2005	TRY to HKD in 2005-12 TRY to HKD in 2005-11 TRY to HKD in 2005-10 TRY to HKD in 2005-09 TRY to HKD in 2005-08 TRY to HKD in 2005-07 TRY to HKD in 2005-06 TRY to HKD in 2005-05 TRY to HKD in 2005-04 TRY to HKD in 2005-03 TRY to HKD in 2005-02 TRY to HKD in 2005-01
TRY to HKD in 2004	TRY to HKD in 2004-12 TRY to HKD in 2004-11 TRY to HKD in 2004-10 TRY to HKD in 2004-09 TRY to HKD in 2004-08 TRY to HKD in 2004-07 TRY to HKD in 2004-06 TRY to HKD in 2004-05 TRY to HKD in 2004-04 TRY to HKD in 2004-03 TRY to HKD in 2004-02 TRY to HKD in 2004-01
TRY to HKD in 2003	TRY to HKD in 2003-12 TRY to HKD in 2003-11 TRY to HKD in 2003-10 TRY to HKD in 2003-09 TRY to HKD in 2003-08 TRY to HKD in 2003-07 TRY to HKD in 2003-06 TRY to HKD in 2003-05 TRY to HKD in 2003-04 TRY to HKD in 2003-03 TRY to HKD in 2003-02 TRY to HKD in 2003-01
TRY to HKD in 2002	TRY to HKD in 2002-12 TRY to HKD in 2002-11 TRY to HKD in 2002-10 TRY to HKD in 2002-09 TRY to HKD in 2002-08 TRY to HKD in 2002-07 TRY to HKD in 2002-06 TRY to HKD in 2002-05 TRY to HKD in 2002-04 TRY to HKD in 2002-03 TRY to HKD in 2002-02 TRY to HKD in 2002-01
TRY to HKD in 2001	TRY to HKD in 2001-12 TRY to HKD in 2001-11 TRY to HKD in 2001-10 TRY to HKD in 2001-09 TRY to HKD in 2001-08 TRY to HKD in 2001-07 TRY to HKD in 2001-06 TRY to HKD in 2001-05 TRY to HKD in 2001-04 TRY to HKD in 2001-03 TRY to HKD in 2001-02 TRY to HKD in 2001-01
TRY to HKD in 2000	TRY to HKD in 2000-12 TRY to HKD in 2000-11 TRY to HKD in 2000-10 TRY to HKD in 2000-09 TRY to HKD in 2000-08 TRY to HKD in 2000-07 TRY to HKD in 2000-06 TRY to HKD in 2000-05 TRY to HKD in 2000-04 TRY to HKD in 2000-03 TRY to HKD in 2000-02 TRY to HKD in 2000-01

All TRY Exchange Rates Now

Exchange	Rate	Exchange	Rate	Exchange	Rate
TRY to AED rate	0.18379 ▼	TRY to ALL rate	5.16673 ▼	TRY to ANG rate	0.09042 ▲
TRY to ARS rate	11.83281 ▲	TRY to AUD rate	0.07676 ▼	TRY to AWG rate	0.09027 ▲
TRY to BBD rate	0.10016 ▲	TRY to BDT rate	5.37919 ▲	TRY to BGN rate	0.0913 ▲
TRY to BHD rate	0.01888 ▲	TRY to BIF rate	141.48539 ▲	TRY to BMD rate	0.05008 ▲
TRY to BND rate	0.0678 ▲	TRY to BOB rate	0.34671 ▲	TRY to BRL rate	0.2501 ▲
TRY to BSD rate	0.05008 ▲	TRY to BTN rate	4.14459 ▲	TRY to BZD rate	0.10113 ▲
TRY to CAD rate	0.06815 ▼	TRY to CHF rate	0.04535 ▼	TRY to CLP rate	40.28191 ▲
TRY to CNY rate	0.35409 ▲	TRY to COP rate	225.63046 ▲	TRY to CRC rate	26.94266 ▲
TRY to CZK rate	1.10555 ▲	TRY to DKK rate	0.34797 ▲	TRY to DOP rate	2.74469 ▲
TRY to DZD rate	6.84717 ▲	TRY to EGP rate	1.54819 ▲	TRY to ETB rate	2.73891 ▲
TRY to EUR rate	0.04672 ▲	TRY to FJD rate	0.1128 ▲	TRY to GBP rate	0.04056 ▲
TRY to GMD rate	2.98464 ▲	TRY to GNF rate	431.31731 ▼	TRY to GTQ rate	0.39158 ▲
TRY to HKD rate	0.39223 ▲	TRY to HNL rate	1.23375 ▼	TRY to HRK rate	0.35198 ▲
TRY to HTG rate	7.09941 ▲	TRY to HUF rate	17.33369 ▲	TRY to IDR rate	751.57462 ▲
TRY to ILS rate	0.1875 ▲	TRY to INR rate	4.13506 ▲	TRY to IQD rate	65.72687 ▲
TRY to IRR rate	2118.29164 ▲	TRY to ISK rate	6.98291 ▲	TRY to JMD rate	7.77694 ▲
TRY to JOD rate	0.03553 ▲	TRY to JPY rate	7.05022 ▲	TRY to KES rate	6.87341 ▼
TRY to KMF rate	23.00824 ▲	TRY to KRW rate	66.27446 ▲	TRY to KWD rate	0.01541 ▲
TRY to KYD rate	0.04181 ▲	TRY to KZT rate	22.30542 ▲	TRY to LBP rate	753.09877 ▼
TRY to LKR rate	14.92585 ▼	TRY to LSL rate	0.98331 ▲	TRY to MAD rate	0.50993 ▼
TRY to MDL rate	0.89366 ▲	TRY to MKD rate	2.87684 ▲	TRY to MNT rate	176.22384 ▲
TRY to MOP rate	0.40493 ▲	TRY to MUR rate	2.28095 ▲	TRY to MVR rate	0.76619 ▼
TRY to MWK rate	51.49913 ▲	TRY to MXN rate	0.88246 ▼	TRY to MYR rate	0.23041 ▲
TRY to NAD rate	0.98403 ▼	TRY to NGN rate	23.1154 ▲	TRY to NIO rate	1.83509 ▲
TRY to NOK rate	0.555 ▼	TRY to NPR rate	6.63134 ▲	TRY to NZD rate	0.08282 ▲
TRY to OMR rate	0.01928 ▲	TRY to PAB rate	0.05008 ▲	TRY to PEN rate	0.18501 ▲
TRY to PGK rate	0.17805 ▲	TRY to PHP rate	2.79981 ▲	TRY to PKR rate	14.3046 ▲
TRY to PLN rate	0.21158 ▲	TRY to PYG rate	361.83274 ▲	TRY to QAR rate	0.18245 ▲
TRY to RON rate	0.23174 ▲	TRY to RUB rate	3.95593 ▼	TRY to RWF rate	56.47204 ▼
TRY to SAR rate	0.18782 ▲	TRY to SBD rate	0.41734 ▲	TRY to SCR rate	0.66556 ▼
TRY to SEK rate	0.54109 ▼	TRY to SGD rate	0.06775 ▲	TRY to SLL rate	884.62463 ▲
TRY to SVC rate	0.43902 ▲	TRY to SZL rate	0.98203 ▲	TRY to THB rate	1.74022 ▲
TRY to TND rate	0.15509 ▲	TRY to TOP rate	0.11926 ▲	TRY to TTD rate	0.34054 ▲
TRY to TWD rate	1.53702 ▲	TRY to TZS rate	118.65929 ▲	TRY to UAH rate	1.85298 ▲
TRY to UGX rate	187.0583 ▲	TRY to USD rate	0.05008 ▲	TRY to UYU rate	1.94284 ▼
TRY to VUV rate	5.95821 ▲	TRY to WST rate	0.13649 ▲	TRY to XAF rate	30.64287 ▲
TRY to XCD rate	0.13534 ▲	TRY to XOF rate	30.64287 ▲	TRY to XPF rate	5.57455 ▲
TRY to YER rate	12.53698 ▲	TRY to ZAR rate	0.98399 ▼

Top

TRY to HKD Live Rate

TRY to HKD Rate Chart

TRY Popular Exchange Rates(today)

Economic indicators of Turkey and Hong Kong SAR (China)

TRY to HKD Historical Rates(table)

TRY to HKD Handy Conversion

Comparison between Turkey and Hong Kong SAR (China)

Background comparison between [Turkey] and [Hong Kong SAR (China)]

Geography comparison between [Turkey] and [Hong Kong SAR (China)]

People comparison between [Turkey] and [Hong Kong SAR (China)]

Government comparison between [Turkey] and [Hong Kong SAR (China)]

Economy comparison between [Turkey] and [Hong Kong SAR (China)]

Energy comparison between [Turkey] and [Hong Kong SAR (China)]

Communications comparison between [Turkey] and [Hong Kong SAR (China)]

Transportation comparison between [Turkey] and [Hong Kong SAR (China)]

Military comparison between [Turkey] and [Hong Kong SAR (China)]

Transnational comparison between [Turkey] and [Hong Kong SAR (China)]

TRY to HKD Historical Rates

All TRY Exchange Rates Now